Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: Extra widening of pavements depends on the number of lanes, speed of the vehicle, and length of the wheelbase.
Correct Answer: V2/127R
Explanation: The equilibrium super elevation is given by V2/127R, where V is the speed of the vehicle, and R is the radius of the curve.
Correct Answer: increase in speed and with a decrease in the radius of the curve
Explanation: If the coefficient of lateral friction is constant, the required super elevation increases with an increase in speed and a decrease in the radius of the curve.
Correct Answer: three times the stopping sight distance
Explanation: At highway stretches where the required overtaking sight distance can’t be provided, it is necessary to have at least three times the stopping sight distance.
Correct Answer: parabola
Explanation: The ideal form of the curve for the summit curve is a parabola.
Correct Answer: 3°
Explanation: The angle of most acute vision is critical for a driver’s ability to perceive the road and surroundings effectively. A cone angle of 3° is considered optimal for providing a balance between a comprehensive view and focused attention. This angle ensures that drivers can maintain awareness and respond to road conditions promptly.
Correct Answer: 10°
Explanation: To optimize visibility and ensure that drivers can easily notice and react to important road information, traffic signs and devices should be placed within a cone of 10°. This cone angle provides a broad yet focused field of vision for drivers, enhancing overall road safety.
Correct Answer: 30 m
Explanation: When mounting street lights on one side of the road, the width of the road that can be effectively lighted is crucial for ensuring proper illumination. In this context, roads with a width of 30 m are suitable for providing adequate lighting coverage with single-sided street lights.
Correct Answer: horizontal curve
Explanation: The introduction of a horizontal curve is essential for facilitating changes in road directions. Horizontal curves allow for smooth transitions and adjustments in the alignment of the road, ensuring that vehicles can navigate turns and curves safely.
Correct Answer: spiral
Explanation: On hill traces, where changes in elevation are common, spiral transition curves are generally preferred. Spiral curves offer a gradual and smooth transition, helping vehicles adjust to varying slopes and ensuring a safer and more comfortable driving experience.
Correct Answer: 120 cm above road level
Explanation: The normal elevation (IS) of the driver’s eye is standardized at 120 cm above the road level. This elevation is considered optimal for providing drivers with a clear line of sight and ensuring that they can effectively observe the road and surrounding traffic conditions.
Correct Answer: 120 cm above road level
Explanation: According to NRS 2070 standards, the normal height of the driver’s eye above the road surface is set at 120 cm. This standardized height is crucial for establishing consistent measurements and ensuring uniformity in road design and visibility considerations.
Correct Answer: 15 cm above road level
Explanation: When considering sight distance, the height of the object above the road surface is typically measured at 15 cm. This measurement is important for calculating sight distances accurately and determining the visibility of objects on the road.
Correct Answer: sight distance
Explanation: Sight distance refers to the distance along the road surface at which a driver can effectively perceive objects, obstacles, or other road elements. It is a crucial parameter for ensuring that drivers have sufficient visibility to make informed decisions while navigating the road.
Correct Answer: lag distance
Explanation: The distance traveled by a moving vehicle during the combined periods of perception and brake reaction time is referred to as lag distance. This parameter is essential for understanding the total distance a vehicle covers from the moment a hazard is perceived to the initiation of braking.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: The efficiency of a vehicle’s brake system is influenced by various factors, including the condition of the road surface, the state of the tires, and the presence of moisture. All these factors collectively determine the braking performance of a vehicle.
Correct Answer: brake reaction time
Explanation: The driver’s ability to stop a vehicle moving at the designed speed depends significantly on brake reaction time. This is the duration it takes for a driver to perceive a hazard, decide to apply the brakes, and initiate the braking action.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: Both perception time and brake reaction time are influenced by multiple factors, including the speed of the vehicle, the alertness of the driver, and the efficiency of the brake system. These factors collectively determine the overall response time of a driver in emergency situations.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: The stopping sight distance is affected by the reaction time of the driver, the efficiency of the brake system, and the speed of the vehicle. All these factors play a crucial role in determining the minimum distance required for a vehicle to come to a complete stop under specific conditions.
Correct Answer: sight distance
Explanation: The length of the road ahead of the vehicle that is visible to the driver is referred to as sight distance. It is a fundamental parameter for assessing the safety and visibility conditions on a roadway, ensuring that drivers have adequate visual information to make informed decisions while driving.
Correct Answer: less
Explanation: Sight distance at a curve is generally less than on a straight road. This is because the curvature of the road limits the driver’s line of sight, reducing the distance over which objects can be seen. Drivers need to anticipate and adjust their speed accordingly when navigating curves to ensure safe and controlled driving.
Correct Answer: less than overtaking sight distance
Explanation: Stopping sight distance is the minimum distance required for a driver to bring a vehicle to a complete stop. It is typically less than overtaking sight distance, which is the distance required for safe overtaking maneuvers. Stopping sight distance accounts for the time it takes for a driver to perceive a hazard, react, and bring the vehicle to a stop.
Correct Answer: 1 time calculated sight distance for one-way traffic
Explanation: The minimum stopping sight distance for one-way traffic should be at least equal to the calculated sight distance. This ensures that drivers have sufficient visibility to react to potential hazards and bring their vehicles to a stop safely.
Correct Answer: 2.5 sec.
Explanation: The total reaction time for an average driver in a normal situation is considered to be around 2.5 seconds. This time includes both the perception time (time taken to identify a hazard) and the brake reaction time (time taken to initiate the braking action).
Correct Answer: to increase it on both descending grades and ascending grades
Explanation: The effect of gradient on safe overtaking sight distance is to increase it on descending grades and decrease it on ascending grades. When descending, the vehicle’s speed tends to be higher, requiring more distance for overtaking. On ascending grades, the vehicle’s speed is lower, reducing the overtaking sight distance needed.
Correct Answer: lower than the outer face
Explanation: At horizontal curves on a highway, the inner side of the road is typically lower than the outer face. This design helps counteract the effects of centrifugal force, providing a safer and more comfortable path for vehicles negotiating the curve.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: Various factors influence the design of horizontal curves on a highway, including the design speed of the vehicle, the allowable friction on the road surface, and the allowable maximum super elevation. Considering all these factors ensures that the curves are designed to accommodate safe and efficient vehicle movement.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: The road surfacing should possess multiple qualities, including being impervious to prevent water penetration, durable to withstand traffic loads and environmental conditions, and stable to maintain a smooth and safe road surface. All these factors contribute to the overall performance and longevity of the road.
Correct Answer: hard rock
Explanation: In a proposed road alignment, hard rock may not be the preferred type of soil. Soft rock or ordinary soil is generally easier to excavate and shape to achieve the desired road alignment. Hard rock may require more extensive and challenging excavation methods.
Correct Answer: C.B.R
Explanation: The California Bearing Ratio (C.B.R) test is performed for a quick determination of the quality of sub-grade soil. This test assesses the soil’s strength and bearing capacity, providing valuable information for designing road foundations and pavements.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: The thickness of pavement may be reduced considerably by employing various soil improvement techniques, including compaction of soil, stabilization of soil with additives, and proper drainage measures. These methods enhance the load-bearing capacity of the sub-grade, allowing for more efficient and economical pavement design.
Correct Answer: stone, aggregate, soil, and binder
Explanation: Road construction involves the use of different materials, including stone, aggregate, soil, and binder. These materials are combined in various proportions to create stable and durable road surfaces that can withstand the stresses imposed by traffic loads and environmental conditions.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: Common stabilizers used in earthen roads include cement, bitumen, and lime. These materials help improve the engineering properties of the soil, enhancing its strength, stability, and durability for road construction.
Correct Answer: 15% to 25%
Explanation: In a gravel road, the amount of clay in the gravel mix typically varies between 15% to 25%. This optimal range ensures a good balance of stability and drainage characteristics, contributing to the overall performance of the gravel road.
Correct Answer: 8 to 10 tonnes
Explanation: On a Water Bound Macadam (W.B.M.) road, the roller used for rolling purposes is typically in the weight range of 8 to 10 tonnes. This roller is employed to compact and set the W.B.M. layers, ensuring a firm and durable road surface.
Correct Answer: 15 cm
Explanation: The road metal thickness of the layer to be compacted should not exceed 15 cm. This limitation helps ensure proper compaction, stability, and performance of the road.
Correct Answer: clay
Explanation: In a gravel road, clay is commonly used as the binding material. The binding material helps hold the gravel particles together, providing stability to the road surface.
Correct Answer: stone dust
Explanation: In a water-bound macadam road, stone dust is typically used as the binding material. It plays a crucial role in holding the coarse aggregates together, creating a stable and durable road surface.
Correct Answer: bitumen
Explanation: In a bituminous macadam road, bitumen serves as the binding material. Bitumen, a viscous and adhesive substance, helps in binding the aggregate particles together, forming a strong and flexible road surface.
Correct Answer: 160 to 180 sq meters
Explanation: In the final layer of a road surface, 1 cubic meter of sand is applied for an area of 160 to 180 square meters. This process helps create a smooth and even road surface finish.
Correct Answer: soil-cement stabilization
Explanation: For the surface course, soil-cement stabilization is considered a durable method. This process involves mixing soil, cement, and water to create a stabilized layer with improved strength and durability.
Correct Answer: dump truck
Explanation: Hauling of excavated soil is commonly done using dump trucks. These trucks transport the excavated material from the construction site to the designated disposal or filling area.
Correct Answer: compaction of soil
Explanation: A sheep foot roller is used for the compaction of soil. It features a cylindrical drum with protruding pads that create a kneading action during compaction, making it effective for achieving higher soil density.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: During the construction of the road, the subgrade preparation involves various activities such as cleaning, site clearance, and the actual preparation of the subgrade. All these steps contribute to creating a stable foundation for the road.
Correct Answer: capillary rise of the soil
Explanation: Sub-base course is primarily provided to improve the bearing capacity of the subgrade, enhance drainage action, and increase the overall durability of the road. It is not specifically intended to address capillary rise of the soil.
Correct Answer: edges towards the center with an overlap of minimum 30 cm
Explanation: In highway construction, rolling typically starts from the edges towards the center with an overlap of a minimum of 30 cm. This rolling pattern helps achieve uniform compaction across the entire road width.
Correct Answer: roads are always constructed in a straight line
Explanation: The incorrect statement is “roads are always constructed in a straight line.” In reality, roads are often provided with both horizontal and vertical curves to accommodate the natural topography, ensure safety, and improve driving comfort.
Correct Answer: its initial cost is high
Explanation: Generally, a cement concrete road is discouraged due to its high initial cost. While concrete roads
Correct Answer: <4.5 m
Explanation: The width of bay on a concrete road is generally taken as less than 4.5 meters. The bay width is a key consideration in the design and construction of concrete roads, impacting factors like durability and overall performance.
Correct Answer: vibrator
Explanation: Compaction of a concrete slab is done with the help of a vibrator. The vibrator is used to eliminate air voids, ensure proper consolidation, and enhance the density and strength of the concrete during the construction of the road.
Correct Answer: 4.5 m
Explanation: Longitudinal joints in concrete roads are provided if the width exceeds 4.5 meters. These joints help control cracking and are essential for accommodating temperature-related expansion and contraction in the concrete pavement.
Correct Answer: 25-30 years
Explanation: The life of a cement concrete road is generally taken as 25-30 years. This estimation depends on various factors, including the quality of materials used, design considerations, maintenance practices, and traffic loads.
Correct Answer: reinforcement is provided
Explanation: When the sub-grade is very poor and the road is subjected to heavy traffic, reinforcement is often provided in the form of steel bars or fibers in the concrete pavement. This helps enhance the structural capacity of the road.
Correct Answer: dowel bars are used
Explanation: Dowel bars are used to transfer wheel loads at expansion joints from one concrete slab to the other. These bars allow for movement and prevent differential settlement between adjacent slabs, reducing the risk of joint damage.
Correct Answer: 7 to 10 years
Explanation: Bituminous grouted macadam roads may be expected to have a useful life of about 7 to 10 years. The durability of such roads depends on factors like traffic, climate, and maintenance practices.
Correct Answer: bitumen
Explanation: Bitumen is the binder used in bituminous roads. It acts as an adhesive that binds the aggregate particles together, providing flexibility and durability to the road surface.
Correct Answer: carbon disulphide
Explanation: Bitumen is soluble in carbon disulphide. This property is often utilized in laboratory tests for determining the bitumen content in asphalt mixes.
Correct Answer: all-weather road
Explanation: Bituminous roads are considered all-weather roads because bitumen offers resistance against water penetration and provides flexibility to accommodate temperature variations. It is a flexible pavement type.
Correct Answer: 5 cm below from the top level
Explanation: Reinforcement in cement concrete pavement is typically placed 5 cm below the top level of the slab. This positioning helps ensure effective reinforcement within the concrete structure.
Correct Answer: 60 cm above the highest flood level of the area
Explanation: To reduce the danger of floods, the height of a road embankment is typically designed to be 60 cm above the highest flood level of the area. This ensures that the road remains accessible during flood events.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: The desirable properties of road stone include hardness to resist rubbing, toughness to resist fracture under impact, and good binding. Stones with these properties contribute to the durability and strength of road construction materials.
Correct Answer: 0.6%
Explanation: Water absorption of aggregates used for road marking should not exceed 0.6%. This criterion ensures that the aggregates do not absorb excessive moisture, which could affect the performance and longevity of road markings.
Correct Answer: fire and flash point
Explanation: Pensky-Marten’s apparatus is used for the determination of the fire and flash points of bituminous materials. It is a key test to assess the flammability characteristics of bitumen.
Correct Answer: abrasion test
Explanation: The Los Angeles testing machine is used for the abrasion test of aggregates. This test helps evaluate the resistance of aggregates to wear and abrasion under specified conditions.
Correct Answer: abrasion test
Explanation: Dorry testing machine is used for conducting the abrasion test of rocks and aggregates. It assesses their resistance to wear due to rubbing and abrasion, providing important information for road construction materials.
Correct Answer: impact test
Explanation: The Page testing machine is used for conducting impact tests on aggregates. This test assesses the resistance of aggregates to sudden shock or impact, providing valuable information for road construction materials.
Correct Answer: 5 kg
Explanation: While performing attrition and Los Angeles abrasion tests, the minimum weight of stones used should be 5 kg. This standardized weight ensures consistency and reliability in the test results.
Correct Answer: viscosity
Explanation: The viscosity test is carried out to determine the resistance to flow of a given bituminous material. It measures the internal friction of the material and is an essential parameter for evaluating its performance.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: The maximum speed on the road depends upon the type of highway, road surface, and curves. Factors such as design speed, road conditions, and geometry collectively influence the safe and allowable speed on a road.
Correct Answer: rough and dry
Explanation: The coefficient of friction is generally more when the pavement surface is rough and dry. A textured and dry surface provides better traction, contributing to higher friction between the tires and the road.
Correct Answer: rougher
Explanation: The shoulder provided along the road edge should be rougher compared to traffic lanes. This helps prevent drivers from using the shoulder as a travel lane and encourages proper vehicle positioning on the road.
Correct Answer: bump integrator
Explanation: The surface condition of pavement is measured by a bump integrator. This device assesses the roughness or unevenness of the road surface, providing valuable data for pavement maintenance and improvement.
Correct Answer: outer edge of the road
Explanation: If no super elevation is provided on the road along curves, potholes may develop at the outer edge of the road. Super elevation is the banking of the road, and its absence can lead to water accumulation and pavement distress.
Correct Answer: pot hole
Explanation: A deep and big depression on a road is called a pothole. Potholes are typically formed due to the combined effects of traffic loads, water infiltration, and the deterioration of pavement materials.
Correct Answer: recurrent maintenance
Explanation: Pothole maintenance in the case of a road is considered recurrent maintenance. It involves addressing and repairing potholes as they occur, typically as part of ongoing efforts to preserve the road infrastructure.
Correct Answer: it projects 10 mm above the existing level
Explanation: During maintenance of potholes, the potholes formed are enclosed by a rectangular boundary, and the material inside is carefully filled with aggregate and binder so that it projects 10 mm above the existing level. This ensures a durable and level repair.
Correct Answer: routine
Explanation: In the case of a gravel road, pothole maintenance typically comes under routine maintenance. Regular inspections and repairs are carried out to address potholes and maintain the road in a safe and functional condition.
Correct Answer: rut
Explanation: A groove or depression formed in a surface layer longitudinal to the road by the wheels of traveling vehicles is called a rut. Ruts can develop due to repeated traffic loads and are a common form of pavement distress.
Correct Answer: combined iron-wheeled and pneumatic traffic
Explanation: Longitudinal ruts are often formed due to combined iron-wheeled and pneumatic (tire) traffic. The repetitive action of vehicle wheels can lead to the development of these depressions in the road surface.
Correct Answer: both (a) and (b) of above
Explanation: “Cross ruts” along an earthen road can be formed due to heavy rainfall and steep camber. The combination of water runoff and road geometry can contribute to the development of cross ruts.
Correct Answer: reel
Explanation: The raised portion of the road between longitudinal ruts is known as a reel. This term is used to describe the elevated section that forms between depressions or ruts along the road surface.
Correct Answer: pot hole
Explanation: A marked local depression in a surface layer arising from the wearing away of material is called a pot hole. Potholes are typically characterized by their distinct bowl-shaped appearance and are a common form of pavement distress.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: Bleeding in road construction may occur due to various reasons, including an excess of tar material, insufficient quantity of binding, and the binder not being hot enough at the time of application. All these factors contribute to the phenomenon of bleeding.
Correct Answer: hot metal chips
Explanation: Bleeding in road construction may be reduced by using hot metal chips. The addition of certain materials, such as hot metal chips, can help control and mitigate the bleeding of the binder, improving the overall quality of the road surface.
Correct Answer: corrugations
Explanation: Wave-like deformation on the road is called corrugations. Corrugations are a form of pavement distress characterized by the formation of wave-like patterns on the road surface, often caused by factors like defective rolling.
Correct Answer: defective rolling
Explanation: Waves and corrugations on the road may be formed due to defective rolling. The improper compaction or rolling of the road surface during construction can lead to the development of these uneven wave-like patterns.
Correct Answer: labour contract
Explanation: Routine maintenance is typically done by the use of a labour contract. In routine maintenance, tasks such as cleaning, minor repairs, and upkeep of the road are carried out by employing labor for specific activities.
Correct Answer: laying of bitumen or concrete layer on a road
Explanation: Carpeting, in the context of roads, refers to the process of laying a bitumen or concrete layer on a road surface. It is a significant step in road construction and maintenance to provide a smooth and durable driving surface.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: The Road Board of Nepal is generally working in the field of road for the purpose of routine maintenance, recurrent maintenance, periodic maintenance, and more. It plays a key role in overseeing various aspects of road infrastructure.
Correct Answer: coarse sand & bitumen
Explanation: Seal coat is a layer of coarse sand and bitumen applied to the road surface. It serves as a protective and weather-resistant coating that enhances the durability of the road and provides a smoother driving surface.
Correct Answer: an impervious layer
Explanation: Seal coat provides an impervious layer on the road surface. It helps to make the road impermeable to water, preventing water infiltration and protecting the underlying layers of the road structure.
Correct Answer: tack coat
Explanation: The initial application of a binder to an existing surface given to ensure thorough bond between the new construction and the existing is called a tack coat. It promotes adhesion between layers and enhances the overall integrity of the road structure.
Correct Answer: 0.5 kg/m2
Explanation: In tack coat, a minimum bitumen is used at the rate of 0.5 kg/m2. Tack coat is applied to promote bonding between layers during road construction.
Correct Answer: prime coat
Explanation: The initial application of a binder to an absorbent highway surface, prior to the construction of a wearing coat, is called a prime coat. Prime coat helps in preventing absorption of bitumen by the base layer, ensuring better adhesion.
Correct Answer: providing a thin bituminous layer over WBM roads
Explanation: Surface painting, in this context, refers to providing a thin bituminous layer over water-bound macadam (WBM) roads. This process helps improve the surface quality, durability, and overall performance of the road.
Correct Answer: double surface dressing
Explanation: Double surface dressing is a type of surface dressing used for existing pavements. It involves the application of bituminous material and aggregate on the road surface in two layers, providing protection and enhancing the road’s performance.
Correct Answer: development traffic
Explanation: The volume of traffic resulting from improvements made in adjacent areas is known as development traffic. It refers to the increase in traffic due to the positive changes or developments in the surrounding regions.
Correct Answer: to get a homogeneous mix
Explanation: In the premix method of bitumen road construction, aggregate is heated to achieve a homogeneous mix. The process involves heating the aggregate to the desired temperature before combining it with the bitumen to ensure a uniform and well-blended mixture.
Correct Answer: patching and maintenance operating
Explanation: In highway pavements, emulsions are mainly used in patching and maintenance operations. Emulsions, which are a mixture of bitumen and water, are commonly employed for repairing and maintaining road surfaces.
Correct Answer: crazing
Explanation: The breaking up of the road surface layer through cracking into irregular-shaped areas is called crazing. Crazing is characterized by the development of a network of fine cracks on the surface of the road, often resembling a pattern.
FAQs on Highway Engineering MCQs for Civil Engineers
▸ What are some essential topics covered in Highway Engineering MCQs for Civil Engineers?
Highway Engineering MCQs for Civil Engineers typically cover topics such as road design principles, traffic management, pavement materials, geometric design, highway drainage, and traffic safety measures. Understanding these areas is crucial for civil engineers working on highway projects.
▸ Where can I find comprehensive Highway Engineering MCQs for Civil Engineers?
You can find a wide range of Highway Engineering MCQs for Civil Engineers on gkaim.com. This website offers well-curated MCQs along with detailed explanations to help you prepare effectively for exams and interviews.
▸ How can I download Highway Engineering MCQs in PDF format from gkaim.com?
gkaim.com provides options to download Highway Engineering MCQs in PDF format for offline study. Look for download links or options on the respective MCQ pages to get the content in a convenient format for your study sessions.
▸ What makes Highway Engineering MCQs on gkaim.com unique?
Highway Engineering MCQs on gkaim.com are designed to cover a broad spectrum of topics relevant to civil engineering. They are crafted to provide a deep understanding of highway engineering concepts and are accompanied by detailed explanations, ensuring comprehensive preparation.
▸ How are Highway Engineering MCQs structured on gkaim.com?
On gkaim.com, Highway Engineering MCQs are structured in a series of posts, each containing 100 MCQs. These are divided into pages within each post for ease of navigation. The website also features clear navigation buttons at the top of each post to help you access different parts quickly.
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To navigate through Highway Engineering MCQs on gkaim.com, use the navigation buttons located at the top of each post. These buttons allow you to move between different parts and pages of the MCQ series effortlessly.
▸ What types of questions are included in Highway Engineering MCQs on gkaim.com?
The Highway Engineering MCQs on gkaim.com include questions on topics such as road alignment, pavement design, traffic flow analysis, and road construction materials. Each question is designed to test both theoretical knowledge and practical application of highway engineering principles.
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▸ Are there any mock tests available for Highway Engineering on gkaim.com?
Yes, gkaim.com offers mock tests for Highway Engineering that simulate real exam conditions. These mock tests are designed to help you assess your preparation and identify areas that need improvement.
▸ What resources are recommended for studying Highway Engineering effectively?
For effective study of Highway Engineering, refer to textbooks like ‘Principles of Highway Engineering and Traffic Analysis’ by Fred L. Mannering and Scott S. Washburn. Additionally, utilizing MCQs and mock tests from gkaim.com can significantly enhance your preparation and understanding of key concepts.