Anatomy of Flowering Plants Mock Test – Class 11 Biology

1. Equal regions of two tissues are damaged. In tissue P, all collenchyma cells are destroyed. In tissue Q, vessel elements are destroyed, but tracheids, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres remain intact. Which outcome is most likely?

2. Treatment P destroys bulliform cells in a grass leaf but leaves vascular bundle sheaths intact. Treatment Q destroys bundle sheaths but leaves bulliform cells intact. Under water stress and gentle mechanical pressure, which result is most likely?

3. Surfaces P and Q are tested under identical conditions.

Which interpretation best fits the observations?

4. Gas movement is compared in two regions of a dorsiventral leaf.

If both regions contain chloroplast-bearing cells, which interpretation is best supported?

5. An unknown stem is cut twice. In a true transverse section, complete vascular bundles occur at many distances from the epidermis and each lacks cambium. In an oblique section of the same specimen, some bundles appear elongated, but their scattered distribution and sclerenchymatous sheaths remain evident. Which conclusion is best supported?

6. A ripe fruit has a soft parenchymatous pulp but also produces a distinctly gritty sensation during eating. Microscopic examination reveals scattered, irregularly shaped cells with thick lignified walls. These cells are:

7. Assertion: A typical closed vascular bundle has little capacity for ordinary secondary vascular-tissue formation from within the bundle.
Reason: A closed bundle lacks vascular cambium between its xylem and phloem.

8. A stomatal preparation shows each pore surrounded by two dumb-bell-shaped guard cells. The preparation most likely came from:

9. A root of an aquatic flowering plant has unicellular root hairs, a broad cortex containing very large air spaces, a compact endodermis with Casparian strips, polyarch radial exarch vascular tissue and a large pith. The best integrated interpretation is:

10. Arrange the structural events that establish a functional sieve-tube pathway.
P. Food materials move through the connected conducting pathway.
Q. Sieve-tube elements become aligned end to end.
R. Their adjoining end walls form sieve plates.
S. Successive elements become functionally continuous through sieve-plate pores.

11. Structure P consists of semilunar sclerenchymatous patches external to phloem in a stem with ringed open bundles. Structure Q forms a complete sclerenchymatous boundary around each bundle in a stem with scattered closed bundles. P and Q are respectively:

12. Let represent protoxylem and represent metaxylem. The pair of outer-to-inner relations that correctly represents exarch root xylem followed by endarch stem xylem is:

13. A graph plots stomatal density for the two surfaces of an unknown leaf. The abaxial bar is much taller than the adaxial bar. A second observation shows a distinct palisade layer immediately beneath the adaxial epidermis. Together, the observations most strongly indicate:

14. Use the arrangement described below. Four xylem arms extend from near the centre toward the periphery. A phloem patch lies between every two adjacent xylem arms. The smallest xylem elements occur at the outer tips, and the central pith is inconspicuous. The section is most consistent with:

15. Conjunctive-tissue cells in a young dicot root retain their parenchymatous structure but lose the ability to participate in later division. The pericycle and existing xylem and phloem remain intact. The most likely developmental effect is:

16. A pulse of a DNA-synthesis marker labels cells in a shoot meristem. Several days later, some labelled descendants are found in the cortex, where they are enlarged, vacuolated, structurally stable and show no mitotic figures. The strongest conclusion is:

17. Conjunctive tissue in a root and medullary rays in a stem may both be parenchymatous. Their most reliable distinction is that:

18. A leaf section is accidentally rotated during microscopy. Label P points to the side of a vascular bundle containing xylem, and label Q points to the side containing phloem. Palisade tissue lies on the same side as P. The biological orientation is:

19. Two root treatments produce the following results.

Which conclusion is best supported?

20. Equal central areas of two young stem sections are compared.

Which interpretation is best supported?

21. Use the three arrangements described below.
Root P has an outer epiblema, a broad cortex and an internal radial vascular region.
Stem Q has an epidermis, differentiated cortex, ringed vascular bundles and central pith.
Leaf R has upper and lower epidermises, mesophyll and vascular bundles.
Which set identifies one epidermal, one ground and one vascular component in each organ?

22. Match each dicot-stem structure with its characteristic position or form. A Column II entry is used once.

23. A young stem section contains a single epidermis, collenchymatous hypodermis, differentiated cortex, starch sheath, sclerenchymatous pericycle, medullary rays and a large central pith. Its vascular bundles form a ring, and each bundle contains cambium between external phloem and internal xylem. The section is:

24. Xylem and phloem are best related as:

25. A stem section has a sclerenchymatous hypodermis and no clear separation of cortex, medullary rays and pith. Numerous sheathed bundles are scattered through the ground tissue; peripheral bundles are smaller, and each bundle is closed and contains a protoxylem lacuna. The section is:

26. A transverse section shows xylem and phloem on alternate radii. Within each xylem strand, smaller protoxylem elements occur toward the periphery and larger metaxylem elements toward the centre. This combination indicates:

27. Consider the following statements about a typical monocot-stem vascular bundle.
I. Xylem and phloem lie along the same radius.
II. Cambium is absent between xylem and phloem.
III. The bundle is classified as conjoint and closed.
IV. Ordinary secondary vascular-tissue formation from bundle cambium is expected.

28. Assertion: Lateral meristems chiefly increase the length of a root at its extreme tip.
Reason: Vascular cambium and cork cambium occupy lateral positions and contribute to increased organ thickness.

29. Assertion: Phloem parenchyma is absent from most typical monocot stems.
Reason: The vascular bundles of a typical monocot stem are closed because cambium is absent.

30. Arrange the following events in the development and emergence of a lateral root.
P. A primordium is initiated by divisions of pericycle cells.
Q. The developing primordium enlarges within the parent root.
R. It grows outward through the endodermis and cortex.
S. The new lateral root emerges through the outer root tissues.

31. A young dicot stem contains a supporting band just below the epidermis. Its cells are living and elongated, have little intercellular space and show uneven thickening at their corners. This band most directly provides:

32. Assertion: A reliable practical identification of a root or stem section should use several independent anatomical characters.
Reason: A single feature such as large pith, cambium absence or bundle abundance may support a diagnosis but can be insufficient without vascular geometry and tissue arrangement.

33. Three mature primary sections are examined. Specimen P has alternating xylem and phloem patches with peripheral protoxylem. Specimen Q has ringed conjoint bundles with protoxylem toward the pith. Specimen R has conjoint bundles in which xylem faces a palisade-bearing surface and phloem faces a stomata-rich surface. The correct interpretation is:

34. The principal cellular components of phloem are:

35. A graph describes vascular bundles across a typical monocot stem. Distance inward from the epidermis is on the horizontal axis. Curve P, showing mean bundle diameter, rises inward; Curve Q, showing bundle number per equal area, generally declines inward. Which interpretation best fits both trends?

36. Consider the following statements about bulliform cells in a grass leaf.
I. They are enlarged cells of the adaxial epidermis.
II. They commonly occur in groups along the veins.
III. They are large, empty and colourless in appearance.
IV. They are chloroplast-rich cells forming the entire mesophyll.

37. A tracer introduced into a companion cell enters the adjacent sieve-tube element through side-wall connections. It then fails to reach the next sieve-tube element after the intervening end wall is sealed. Which interpretation is correct?

38. A bracket in a root diagram encloses every tissue inside the endodermis: the pericycle, alternating xylem and phloem patches, conjunctive tissue and a small central pith. The bracket should be labelled:

39. Select the correct outer-to-inner sequence for a typical primary dicot root.

40. Arrange the levels of organisation from the simplest unit to a complete plant organ.
P. Tissue system
Q. Cell
R. Organ
S. Tissue

41. Four concentric regions of a primary root are labelled.

Which adjacent pair lies on opposite sides of the cortex-stele boundary?

42. Vascular bundles from an isobilateral leaf with parallel venation are compared.

Which inference best integrates the observations?

43. Arrange the following events during water stress in a grass leaf.
P. The exposed leaf area decreases.
Q. Bulliform cells lose turgidity.
R. The leaf rolls inward.
S. Water availability to the bulliform cells declines.

44. Equal areas of a dorsiventral leaf contain stomata on the adaxial surface and on the abaxial surface. All pores initially have the same open area. During water stress, all adaxial stomata remain open but of abaxial stomata close completely. What percentage of the initial total stomatal pore area remains open?

45. Specimen Q is identified as a young dicot stem because it has differentiated cortex, ringed conjoint open bundles and endarch xylem. Its vascular cambium is then selectively destroyed after primary tissues have matured. Which description remains correct?

46. Match each tissue or cell type with its characteristic feature. A Column II entry is used once.

47. Evaluate the statements about sclerenchyma.
I. Mature cells are usually dead and lack protoplasts.
II. Their walls are heavily lignified and may contain pits.
III. The tissue commonly provides rigid mechanical strength.
IV. Its principal supporting ability depends on active turgor changes in living cells.

48. Two phloem components are compared.

The most accurate interpretation is:

49. Most cortical cells of a young root are selectively crushed, but the epiblema, endodermis and vascular tissues remain initially intact. The earliest direct disturbance is expected in:

50. In a correctly oriented vascular bundle of a typical dorsiventral leaf, xylem lies toward the [blank] surface and phloem lies toward the [blank] surface.