Correct Answer: To watch the general behavior of the canal
Explanation: Bed bars in a canal are provided to observe and monitor the general behavior of the canal. They help assess the flow conditions and detect any irregularities.
Correct Answer: Both (a) and (b) above
Explanation: Bed bars in a canal can be made of either cement concrete or brick masonry, depending on the design and requirements.
Correct Answer: In the central half section of the canal
Explanation: Borrow pits, used for obtaining construction materials, are preferably located in the central half section of the canal. This helps maintain balance and stability during construction.
Correct Answer: The volume of excavation is in excess of the embankment filling
Explanation: A spoil bank is formed when the volume of excavation exceeds the volume of embankment filling during canal construction.
Correct Answer: All of the Above
Explanation: Extra excavated earth from canals is utilized to provide spoil banks on both the left and right sides. This helps manage excess soil and provides stability to the canal embankment.
Correct Answer: A vertical benching provided on the inner edge of the bank
Explanation: A counterbalance in canal construction refers to a vertical benching provided on the inner edge of the bank. It helps stabilize the canal banks.
Correct Answer: A horizontal benching provided on the outer slope
Explanation: A counter berm is a horizontal benching provided on the outer slope of the canal bank. It aids in preventing erosion and adds stability.
Correct Answer: Freeboard
Explanation: Freeboard is the difference in level between the top of a canal bank and the full supply level. It provides a safety margin to prevent overtopping.
Correct Answer: 30 cm
Explanation: The width of “Dowels” in canal construction is typically kept between 32 to 60 cm, and the height above the road level should be more than 30 cm for stability.
Correct Answer: All of the Above
Explanation: Lime concrete lining is used when the velocity of flow is below 2 m/sec, in irrigation channels with capacities up to 200 cumecs, and where economic considerations are important.
Correct Answer: Decreases the waterlogging area
Explanation: Lining of an irrigation channel decreases the waterlogging area by preventing seepage into the surrounding soil, thereby enhancing water use efficiency.
Correct Answer: 10 to 15 cm
Explanation: The thickness of concrete lining for canal discharge up to 200 cumecs typically varies from 10 to 15 cm, providing the necessary strength and durability.
Correct Answer: Less than the critical velocity
Explanation: The mean velocity of the canal should never be less than the critical velocity to avoid issues such as sediment deposition.
Correct Answer: 2 m/sec
Explanation: In a concrete-lined canal, the permissible velocity of water is typically around 2 m/sec to maintain stability and prevent erosion.
Correct Answer: 1 m/sec
Explanation: In a stone masonry-lined canal, the permissible velocity of water is generally around 1 m/sec to avoid damage to the lining.
Correct Answer: Over 60 cumecs
Explanation: A minimum of 90 cm freeboard is provided when the discharge in the canal is over 60 cumecs, ensuring additional safety against overtopping.
Correct Answer: All of the Above
Explanation: Roughness of the bed and sides of a channel can be reduced by removing sandbars, fallen trees, and other snags, as well as preventing cropping on the river bed near banks.
Correct Answer: Both (a) and (b) above
Explanation: The most suitable section of a lined canal depends on the canal’s size. Triangular sections with a circular bottom are suitable for small canals, while trapezoidal sections with rounded corners are preferred for larger canals.
Correct Answer: Both (a) and (b) above
Explanation: Boulder lining is useful where the groundwater level is above the bed of the canal and when prevention of erosion is required.
Correct Answer: Trapezoidal
Explanation: The shape of the lined canal recommended by ISI is typically trapezoidal, providing a practical and stable cross-section for efficient water flow.
Correct Answer: 10% of the total discharge
Explanation: Total losses in the canal typically amount to around 10% of the total discharge, encompassing various factors such as seepage, evaporation, and other hydraulic losses.
Correct Answer: 1 to 2 percent of the water entering the canal
Explanation: Evaporation loss in a canal is typically in the range of 1 to 2 percent of the water entering the canal, influenced by climatic conditions.
Correct Answer: Rugosity coefficient
Explanation: According to Manning’s formula, the velocity in an open channel is inversely proportional to the rugosity coefficient, hydraulic mean depth (HMD), and gradient.
Correct Answer: 0.025
Explanation: The rugosity coefficient for silt clay is typically around 0.025, and it is a key parameter in Manning’s formula for calculating open channel flow.
Correct Answer: Width is more than ten times the depth of the flow
Explanation: A rectangular channel is considered wide if its width is more than ten times the depth of the flow. This classification is important for hydraulic analysis.
Correct Answer: A decrease in discharge
Explanation: Weed growth in a canal tends to obstruct the flow, leading to a decrease in discharge and potentially causing other issues.
Correct Answer: τ0 = WR
Explanation: The tractive force on the canal bed can be calculated using the formula τ0 = WR, where W is the unit weight of water, R is the hydraulic radius, and S is the average bed slope.
Correct Answer: More than 1
Explanation: The ratio of average shear stresses on the bed to those on the banks in a channel is typically more than 1, indicating that the bed experiences higher shear stress.
Correct Answer: Sand core
Explanation: When building an embankment on unreliable soil, a sand core is often used to provide stability and reduce percolation.
Correct Answer: Revetment
Explanation: A revetment is a facing of dry stone pitching or other materials laid on a sloping face of earth to maintain the slope and protect it from erosion.
Correct Answer: All of the Above
Explanation: Lining an irrigation channel provides several advantages, including a reduction in water loss due to seepage, economical use of land, and the ability to withstand higher velocities with a proportional reduction in cross-sectional area.
Correct Answer: Balancing depth
Explanation: The balancing depth of a canal cross-section is the depth at which the quantity of excavation is equal to the earthwork required for the banks.
Correct Answer: Stilling basin
Explanation: A stilling basin is a structure designed to dissipate the energy of flowing water, reducing its velocity and preventing erosion downstream.
Correct Answer: Lower critical velocity
Explanation: The velocity at which eddies in the flow die out is referred to as the lower critical velocity.
Correct Answer: The depth corresponding to critical velocity
Explanation: Critical depth is the depth at which the flow in a channel transitions to critical flow, and it corresponds to the critical velocity.
Correct Answer: In which the total energy head is minimum for a given discharge
Explanation: Critical flow occurs when the total energy head is minimum for a given discharge, and it is associated with the Froude number being equal to unity.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: The silt-carrying capacity of water in a canal depends on factors such as the silt charge, discharge, and surface slope.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: The proportion of silt, water, and the size of silt particles carried in a water channel depends on factors such as the slope, nature of the surface soil, and rainfall in the catchment area.
Correct Answer: 11 RS
Explanation: The minimum size of a stone that will remain at rest in a channel is given by 11 times the hydraulic mean depth (R) multiplied by the slope (S).
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: Silting in a channel can occur due to various factors, including a defective outlet, defective head regulator, or the channel not being in regime (not in a stable or normal condition).
Correct Answer: V = 1/n (S1/2R2/3)
Explanation: Manning’s formula for open channel flow is expressed as V = 1/n (S1/2R2/3), where V is the velocity, n is Manning’s roughness coefficient, S is the slope, and R is the hydraulic radius.
Correct Answer: The rate of flow is proportional to the hydraulic gradient
Explanation: Darcy’s formula relates the rate of flow in a porous medium to the hydraulic gradient, expressing that the flow is proportional to the hydraulic gradient.
Correct Answer: Kennedy
Explanation: The formula V = 0.55 mD0.64 is associated with Kennedy, expressing the velocity (V) in terms of hydraulic mean depth (D).
Correct Answer: Spillway
Explanation: The overflow portion of a dam that allows surplus discharge to flow from the reservoir to the downstream is known as a spillway.
Correct Answer: H3/2
Explanation: In an ogee-shaped spillway, the discharge is proportional to the total head (H) raised to the power of 3/2.
Correct Answer: 2.02
Explanation: The discharge coefficient of an ogee spillway is typically around 2.02.
Correct Answer: Both (a) and (b) of the above
Explanation: The discharge coefficient of an ogee spillway depends on factors such as the depth of approach, upstream slope, downstream apron, and submergence.
Correct Answer: Ogee spillway
Explanation: For an earthen dam, the ogee spillway is typically the least suited spillway type.
Correct Answer: Turbulent
Explanation: In a chute spillway, the flow is generally turbulent.
Correct Answer: H1/2
Explanation: In a syphon spillway, the discharge is proportional to the square root of the total head (H).
Correct Answer: as the difference in levels of water upstream and downstream of the spillway
Explanation: The effective head in a syphon spillway is measured as the difference in levels of water upstream and downstream of the spillway.
Correct Answer: shaft spillway
Explanation: In situations where space is limited due to topography, a shaft spillway is often considered the most suitable option.
Correct Answer: aquifer
Explanation: An aquifer is a water-bearing stratum that can store and transmit groundwater, feeding wells and springs.
Correct Answer: ogee spillway
Explanation: The overflow of a spillway with a double or s-curve shape, convex at the top and concave at the bottom, is called an ogee spillway.
Correct Answer: morning glory spillway
Explanation: The SHAFT spillway is the same as a morning glory spillway.
Correct Answer: at a right angle and parallel to the weir crest
Explanation: The flow of water after spilling over the spillway is typically at a right angle and parallel to the weir crest.
Correct Answer: at the full reservoir level
Explanation: The crest level of an emergency spillway is generally kept at the full reservoir level.
Correct Answer: both (a) and (b)
Explanation: To remove waterlogging of land, measures may include reducing percolation from canals and watercourses and increasing outflow from the groundwater reservoir.
Correct Answer: any of the above
Explanation: The number of dams in Bandhra irrigation may vary and could be equal to, between 1 and 3, or greater than 2.
Correct Answer: discharge
Explanation: The area velocity method is used to measure the discharge in a channel.
Correct Answer: discharge
Explanation: The weir method is commonly used to measure the discharge of water in open channels.
Correct Answer: velocity
Explanation: The surface float method is used to measure the velocity of water flow in a channel.
Correct Answer: velocity
Explanation: The Pitot tube is a device used to measure the velocity of fluid flow, including water in a channel.
Correct Answer: velocity
Explanation: The surface float method is used for velocity measurement, while the current meter is used for the measurement of water velocity in a channel.
Correct Answer: planned and constructed to serve various purposes
Explanation: A multipurpose reservoir is planned and constructed to serve various purposes, such as irrigation, hydropower generation, and water supply.
Correct Answer: retarding reservoir
Explanation: A retarding reservoir, also called a detention reservoir, is designed to temporarily hold and control the flow of water without specific water control devices. These reservoirs help manage downstream flooding by detaining excess water during peak flow periods and gradually releasing it.
Correct Answer: useful storage
Explanation: The normal type of storage used in a reservoir is “useful storage.” This refers to the volume of water stored between the minimum pool level and the normal pool level. Useful storage is actively utilized for various purposes such as water supply, irrigation, or hydropower generation.
Correct Answer: minimum pool level and normal pool level
Explanation: Useful storage refers to the portion of water in a reservoir that is actively utilized for various purposes. It is the volume of water stored between the minimum pool level (lowest operational level) and the normal pool level (optimal operational level).
Correct Answer: dead storage
Explanation: Dead storage is the volume of water in a reservoir that is below the minimum pool level and is not typically utilized for water supply or other purposes.
Correct Answer: dead storage
Explanation: Dead storage refers to the volume of water in a reservoir that is below the minimum pool level. This portion is not actively used for water supply or other purposes.
Correct Answer: surcharge storage
Explanation: Surcharge storage represents the volume of water stored in a reservoir between the normal pool level and the maximum pool level. It is an important component for managing water levels during peak demand or flood conditions.
Correct Answer: useful storage – valley storage + surcharge storage
Explanation: In a flood control reservoir, the effective storage is the sum of useful storage, surcharge storage, and the exclusion of valley storage. This configuration allows for optimal flood management.
Correct Answer: capacity/Inflow ratio
Explanation: Trap efficiency, in the context of a reservoir, is determined by the ratio of its capacity to inflow. It reflects the reservoir’s ability to capture and retain sediment inflows.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: To minimize sediment deposits in a reservoir, multiple measures such as providing vegetal cover, avoiding sediment-prone sites, and implementing soil conservation practices in the catchment area should be employed.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: Sediment deposition in a reservoir is influenced by various factors, including sediment size, the shape of the reservoir, and the slope of the river valley.
Correct Answer: shift towards the heel
Explanation: In the full reservoir condition, providing top width for the roadway causes the resultant force to shift towards the heel, impacting the stability of the structure.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: Siltation reduction strategies include land management, installing sluice gates, and implementing gully plugging check dams and contour bunds in the catchment area.
Correct Answer: 120 years
Explanation: The useful life of the reservoir, considering sediment deposition, is calculated by dividing the dead storage by the annual sediment deposition: 12 million cubic meters / 0.1 million cubic meters per year = 120 years.
Correct Answer: cumulative discharge volume and time in chronological order
Explanation: The flow-mass curve graphically represents the cumulative discharge volume over time in chronological order, aiding in the analysis of water flow patterns.
Correct Answer: demand cannot be met by inflow
Explanation: If the demand line drawn from a ridge in a flow-mass curve does not intersect the curve again, it indicates that the demand cannot be met by the available inflow.
Correct Answer: to keep the channel in good shape by sufficient disposal of suspended and bed load
Explanation: The primary purpose of mean water training for rivers is to maintain the channel’s shape by effectively disposing of suspended and bed load, ensuring its stability and navigability under normal water conditions.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: River training work involves considerations of discharge, depth of water, and the amount of sediment. It encompasses a comprehensive approach to manage and control river behavior.
Correct Answer: groynes and bandalling
Explanation: Achieving the desired depth in river training is accomplished through the use of groynes and bandalling. These structures help regulate and control the flow, preventing excessive sedimentation.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: Various methods, including groynes, guide banks, and pitched banks, are employed for river training. These structures aid in shaping and stabilizing the river channel.
Correct Answer: meandering type
Explanation: River training becomes essential when the river exhibits meandering behavior, requiring interventions to control and shape its course for improved stability.
Correct Answer: excess of total charge during flood
Explanation: The primary cause of meandering in rivers is the excess total discharge during floods, leading to the development of turbulence and alterations in the river’s course.
Correct Answer: dominant discharge
Explanation: A meandering river is characterized by the dominant discharge, representing the prevailing flow conditions that influence the river’s meandering pattern.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: Meandering of rivers results from factors such as excessive discharge during floods, widening of the river, and significant deposition. These contribute to the development of meanders.
Correct Answer: decrease the length of the river
Explanation: Meandering of the river increases its length during cut-off events, leading to a decrease in the overall length. Cut-off events are associated with changes in the river’s course.
Correct Answer: square root of discharge
Explanation: The width and length of meanders in rivers vary approximately with the square root of discharge. This relationship reflects the influence of flow dynamics on the characteristics of meandering.
Correct Answer: Stable type
Explanation: Rivers on alluvial plains are typically stable, as they have reached an equilibrium where the sediment deposition equals the sediment erosion.
Correct Answer: Building up its beds
Explanation: An aggrading river is characterized by building up its beds through sediment deposition, resulting in an elevation of the riverbed.
Correct Answer: Degrading type
Explanation: A river resulting from a deficit of sediments in flowing water tends to erode its bed, making it a degrading type of river.
Correct Answer: Silting river
Explanation: An aggrading river is characterized by the accumulation of sediment, making it a silting river.
Correct Answer: Groynes and Spurs
Explanation: These structures, groynes and spurs, are constructed transverse to the river flow to control erosion and sedimentation.
Correct Answer: Silts up the area in the vicinity by creating a slack flow
Explanation: Groynes can lead to the accumulation of sediment in their vicinity, creating a slack flow and causing siltation.
Correct Answer: Traverse to the river
Explanation: Groynes are typically provided transverse to the river to control its flow and manage sedimentation.
Correct Answer: Hockey groyne
Explanation: A groyne with a curved head is known as a Hockey groyne.
Correct Answer: Deflective
Explanation: Groynes are generally provided to deflect the flow of the river and control erosion.
Correct Answer: First watering when the crop has grown a few centimeters
Explanation: Crops typically require maximum water during the initial stages of growth when they have grown a few centimeters.
FAQs on Irrigation Engineering MCQs for Civil Engineers
▸ What are some key topics covered in Irrigation Engineering MCQs for Civil Engineers?
Key topics include irrigation methods, water resource management, drainage systems, soil-water relationships, and irrigation design principles. For more detailed MCQs, visit gkaim.com.
▸ How can I improve my knowledge of Irrigation Engineering through MCQs?
Improving your knowledge can be achieved by regularly practicing MCQs, studying detailed solutions, and reviewing key concepts. You can access a variety of MCQs and quizzes on irrigation engineering at gkaim.com.
▸ Where can I find online MCQs for Irrigation Engineering?
You can find online MCQs for Irrigation Engineering on educational websites like gkaim.com, which offer a range of questions to help you prepare for exams and interviews.
▸ Are there any mock tests available for Irrigation Engineering MCQs?
Yes, mock tests for Irrigation Engineering MCQs are available at gkaim.com, which can help you practice and gauge your understanding of the subject.
▸ What is the significance of irrigation methods in civil engineering?
Irrigation methods are crucial in civil engineering for effective water management in agricultural projects and urban planning. Detailed MCQs on various irrigation techniques can be found at gkaim.com.
▸ How do irrigation design principles affect civil engineering projects?
Irrigation design principles impact the efficiency of water use and distribution in civil engineering projects. Understanding these principles through MCQs can be beneficial, and you can find relevant questions at gkaim.com.
▸ What are the most common types of irrigation systems covered in MCQs?
Common types of irrigation systems include drip irrigation, sprinkler systems, and surface irrigation. MCQs on these systems and their applications can be explored at gkaim.com.
▸ How does soil-water relationship influence irrigation engineering?
The soil-water relationship is vital for determining the amount and frequency of irrigation required. MCQs addressing these relationships are available at gkaim.com to help you better understand the topic.
▸ What resources are recommended for studying Irrigation Engineering MCQs?
Recommended resources include textbooks on irrigation engineering, online quizzes, and practice MCQs available at gkaim.com. These resources can provide comprehensive coverage of the subject.
▸ How can I effectively prepare for exams with Irrigation Engineering MCQs?
Effective preparation involves practicing MCQs regularly, reviewing correct answers, and studying detailed explanations. You can find practice MCQs and exam preparation materials at gkaim.com.