Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: At the socket and spigot joint, the enlarged end of the pipe is called a socket, the normal end is called a spigot, and the spigot is fitted into the socket.
Correct Answer: dresser coupling joint
Explanation: Dresser coupling joints are often used to join the plain ends of cast-iron pipes. This type of joint involves using a mechanical coupling that wraps around the pipes and is tightened to create a seal.
Correct Answer: flexible joint
Explanation: Flexible joints are designed to resist shock, vibration, and other movements. Dresser coupling joints, victaulic joints, and flanged joints may provide some flexibility, but the flexible joint is explicitly designed for this purpose.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: Cast-iron pipes can be joined using various types of joints, including flanged joints, socket and spigot joints, and dresser coupling joints, depending on the specific application and requirements.
Correct Answer: expansion joints
Explanation: To accommodate temperature changes, metal pipes are usually provided with expansion joints, which allow for expansion and contraction without causing damage to the pipe or the connected components.
Correct Answer: flanged joint
Explanation: Flanged joints are commonly used in pumping stations due to their ease of installation and maintenance. They provide a secure connection and allow for easy disassembly when necessary.
Correct Answer: test pressure
Explanation: The maximum pressure that a pipe can withstand without any leakage during the hydrostatic pressure test is referred to as the test pressure. This test is conducted to ensure the integrity of the pipe before it is put into service.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: Pipes for water supply undergo testing for pressure, leakage, and dimensional accuracy to ensure they meet the required standards and specifications.
Correct Answer: two hours
Explanation: The water supply pipeline should typically be tested at a specified pressure for two hours to ensure its integrity and performance under operating conditions.
Correct Answer: gravity system
Explanation: If the reduced level of the source of water is higher (100 m) than the reduced level of the town (50 m), a gravity system can be employed, allowing water to flow naturally from the higher elevation source to the lower elevation town without the need for pumping.
Correct Answer: dead-end system
Explanation: The dead-end system is suitable for haphazardly growing cities where the layout is not well-planned. In this system, water mains are laid as dead-end lines without forming a complete grid or loop.
Correct Answer: grid iron system
Explanation: The grid iron system is characterized by the interconnection of main, sub-main, and branch lines, forming a grid-like pattern. This layout allows for better distribution and redundancy in the water supply network.
Correct Answer: grid iron system
Explanation: Computation of discharges is more challenging in a grid iron system due to the interconnected nature of the network. The flow paths are not straightforward, making it more complex to calculate discharges accurately.
Correct Answer: ferrule
Explanation: A right-angled sleeve (valve) connected in the water main through which water is tapped for domestic supply is called a ferrule.
Correct Answer: a bent flexible pipe between ferrule and stop cock
Explanation: A goose neck is a bent flexible pipe typically located between the ferrule (valve) and the stop cock in a water supply system.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: Hydrants are versatile outlets used for various purposes, including fire extinguishing, street washing, and flushing sewer lines.
Correct Answer: 15 cm
Explanation: The minimum size of a fire hydrant is typically 15 cm, ensuring an adequate flow of water for firefighting purposes.
Correct Answer: 100
Explanation: According to the guidelines of the Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation (DWSS), the maximum number of users in each stand post should be 100.
Correct Answer: removing the incrusted deposit
Explanation: Incrustation of well pipes can be reduced by periodically removing the deposited material, which may accumulate on the screens or inside the pipes.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: Corrosion of well pipes can be reduced by using thicker pipes, reducing the flow velocity, and minimizing the drawdown (lowering the water level) to decrease the exposure of the pipes to corrosive elements.
Correct Answer: both (a) and (b) above
Explanation: Sanitary sewage includes both domestic sewage from households and industrial sewage from industrial processes.
Correct Answer: alkaline and acidic
Explanation: Fresh sewage is generally alkaline, while septic sewage tends to become acidic due to the production of acids during the decomposition of organic matter.
Correct Answer: 99.9%
Explanation: The majority of sewage consists of water, with a high percentage ranging from 95% to 99.9%, depending on the specific composition of the sewage.
Correct Answer: slightly more than 1
Explanation: The specific gravity of sewage is slightly more than 1 due to the presence of dissolved and suspended solids, making it denser than pure water.
Correct Answer: house sewers
Explanation: The sewerage system originates from house sewers, which collect wastewater from individual households and convey it to the main sewers for further transport and treatment.
Correct Answer: requires treatment before disposal
Explanation: The water carriage sewage system requires treatment before disposal to remove pollutants and ensure that the discharged water is environmentally safe. This is a key aspect of managing sewage in such systems.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: The merits of the water carriage sewage system include the absence of direct human involvement, the reduction of foul smells and hygienic issues, and the requirement of less land area compared to some other systems.
Correct Answer: maximum and minimum flow
Explanation: The sewerage system is designed to accommodate both maximum and minimum flows. The design considers variations in flow rates to ensure effective and efficient conveyance of sewage under different conditions.
Correct Answer: separate system
Explanation: In areas with rainfall for only one season, a separate system of sanitation is suitable. This system keeps stormwater and sewage separate, preventing overloading of the system during heavy rainfall.
Correct Answer: circular
Explanation: Circular sewers are suitable for a separate system where the discharge is uniform. Circular sewers are hydraulically efficient and can handle a consistent flow of sewage.
Correct Answer: combined system
Explanation: In areas with distributed rainfall throughout the year and less intensity, a combined system of sanitation is suitable. This system combines stormwater and sewage, providing a more integrated approach to conveyance.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: Sewers have to bear internal pressure from sewage flow, temperature stresses, and forces due to external loads, such as traffic loads or soil loads.
Correct Answer: lateral sewer
Explanation: A lateral sewer collects sewage from individual toilets and conveys it to a larger sewer, such as a branch sewer.
Correct Answer: relief sewer
Explanation: A relief sewer is designed to carry excess discharge from an existing sewer, providing additional capacity during peak flow periods.
Correct Answer: lateral sewer
Explanation: A lateral sewer receives the discharge from multiple house sewers and conveys it to a larger sewer or sub-main sewer.
Correct Answer: trunk sewer
Explanation: A trunk sewer receives discharge from two or more main sewers and serves as a major conduit in the sewerage system.
Correct Answer: egg-shaped sewer
Explanation: An egg-shaped sewer is preferred for a combined system of sewage. It provides both hydraulic efficiency and the ability to transport both sewage and stormwater.
Correct Answer: lateral sewer
Explanation: Cleanouts are provided in lateral sewers in place of manholes. Cleanouts allow for access to the sewer for maintenance purposes.
Correct Answer: house s.-Lateral s.-Branch s.-Sub-main s.-Main (Trunk)-outfall sewer
Explanation: The correct order in the sewerage system is from individual house sewers (house s.) to lateral sewers, branch sewers, sub-main sewers, main (trunk) sewers, and finally, outfall sewers.
Correct Answer: weak in tension
Explanation: Stoneware pipes are generally not used for sewer mains because they are weak in tension. They are more susceptible to cracking or breaking under tensile stresses.
Correct Answer: glazed stoneware
Explanation: Glazed stoneware is known for its resistance to hydrogen sulfide corrosion, making it a suitable material for sewers where such corrosion is a concern.
Correct Answer: their discharge capacity when running full is equal
Explanation: Two sewer sections laid at the same grade will be hydraulically equivalent if their discharge capacities when running full are equal. Hydraulically equivalent sections can handle the same flow rates.
Correct Answer: interceptor
Explanation: A sewer that receives flow from a number of transverse sewers is known as an interceptor. It intercepts the flow from these sewers.
Correct Answer: sight rails and boning rod
Explanation: Laying of a sewer is generally done with the help of sight rails and a boning rod. This helps in ensuring the proper alignment and gradient during construction.
Correct Answer: combined system with very wide fluctuations
Explanation: Ovoid sewers are best suited for combined systems with very wide fluctuations in flow. The shape provides stability and efficient flow under varying conditions.
Correct Answer: steep
Explanation: A flight sewer is provided when the gradient is steep. It is designed for locations where the terrain has a significant slope.
Correct Answer: circular section
Explanation: A circular section is most suitable when the maximum and minimum flow ratio is not significant. It offers efficient flow characteristics and is well-suited for a constant flow.
Correct Answer: circular section
Explanation: The most suitable section of sewer in a separate sewage system is a circular section. It provides hydraulic efficiency and is well-suited for constant flows.
Correct Answer: egg-shaped section
Explanation: An egg-shaped section is suitable for both combined and separate sewage systems. It combines stability and self-cleansing characteristics.
Correct Answer: horse-shoe type
Explanation: The trunk and outfall type of sewer usually has a horse-shoe shape. This shape provides stability and efficient flow in large sewer conduits.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: A circular section of sewer has the advantages of having the least perimeter for a given area, offering the least opportunities for deposits, and being more suitable when the discharge is approximately constant.
Correct Answer: 30 cm
Explanation: A circular section for a sewer is preferred only up to a diameter of 30 cm. Beyond this diameter, other shapes may be more practical and cost-effective.
Correct Answer: provides self-cleansing velocity at low discharge
Explanation: An egg-shaped section of sewer is chosen because it provides self-cleansing velocity at low discharge rates. It is economical and stable, making it suitable for various flow conditions.
Correct Answer: 0.95d
Explanation: In an egg-shaped sewer section, the maximum discharge occurs when the depth of flow is approximately 0.95 times the total depth (d).
Correct Answer: their tops should be at the same level
Explanation: When more than two sewers join in a manhole, their tops should be at the same level for proper flow conditions and maintenance access.
Correct Answer: perpendicular pattern
Explanation: For separate and partially separate systems, the suitable pattern of collection is the perpendicular pattern. This involves the collection of sewage in a perpendicular manner from various lateral sewers.
Correct Answer: zone pattern
Explanation: The pattern of sanitation most suitable for a sloppy area is the zone pattern. This involves dividing the area into zones for effective sewage collection and transport.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: Sewer pipes carry sewage as gravity conduits, should resist wear and tear due to abrasion, and are designed for generating self-cleaning velocities at different discharge rates.
Correct Answer: 15 cm
Explanation: The minimum diameter of a sewer pipe is typically considered to be 15 cm. This ensures that the pipe has sufficient capacity for the flow of sewage.
Correct Answer: 300 cm
Explanation: The maximum diameter of a sewer pipe should preferably be 300 cm. Beyond this diameter, other considerations may come into play, and alternative solutions may be explored.
Correct Answer: less than 1 m/sec
Explanation: The self-cleaning velocity normally adopted for a sewer is less than 1 m/sec. This ensures that the sewage flow is sufficient to prevent deposition of solids within the sewer.
Correct Answer: 2.0
Explanation: The ratio of the maximum to average sewage flow for mains up to 1 m in diameter is usually 2.0. This ratio helps in designing the sewer to accommodate peak flows.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: The gradient to be provided for sewers depends upon various factors, including the diameter of the sewer, the discharge, and the material of the sewer pipe.
Correct Answer: given in the direction of the natural slope of the ground
Explanation: The gradient of a sewer is given in the direction of the natural slope of the ground. This helps in achieving proper drainage and flow within the sewer.
Correct Answer: decreases
Explanation: As the diameter of the sewer increases, the self-cleaning velocity decreases. Larger sewers require lower velocities to maintain self-cleaning characteristics.
Correct Answer: 1 in 100
Explanation: For a 150mm diameter sewer, the gradient required to generate self-cleaning velocity is typically 1 in 100.
Correct Answer: glazed brick sewer
Explanation: When the limiting non-scouring velocity is 5 m/sec, the type of sewer generally used is a glazed brick sewer. This type of sewer can withstand higher velocities without scouring.
Correct Answer: glazed brick sewer
Explanation: The highest non-scouring velocity in a sewer may be allowed in a glazed brick sewer. Glazed brick sewers have a smooth surface that resists scouring.
Correct Answer: 2.5 to 3.5 m/sec
Explanation: Non-scouring velocity in a concrete sewer is typically caused by a velocity range of 2.5 to 3.5 m/sec.
Correct Answer: 6x dry weather flow
Explanation: The design discharge for the separate sewer system is taken equal to 6 times the dry weather flow. This accounts for peak flows and ensures adequate capacity in the sewer system.
Correct Answer: rainfall + 2× dry weather flow
Explanation: The design discharge for the combined system is taken equal to rainfall + 2× dry weather flow. This accounts for both the direct rainfall and the dry weather flow in the sewer system.
Correct Answer: length of sewer
Explanation: The velocity of flow in a sewer does not depend on the length of the sewer. It depends on factors such as the grade of the sewer, hydraulic mean depth, and roughness of the sewer.
Correct Answer: 5-7 m
Explanation: Where it is not possible to obtain self-cleansing velocities for sewers, flush tanks are provided with the minimum available head of 5-7 m. This head is used to flush the sewer and prevent deposition of solids.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: In Chezy’s formula v=c√ms, the Chezy’s constant (c) depends upon the size of the sewer, shape of the sewer, and roughness of the sewer.
Correct Answer: is doubled
Explanation: In a circular sewer, if the depth of flow is 0.2 times the full depth, the nominal gradient is doubled to ensure adequate flow velocity.
Correct Answer: 1.5D
Explanation: If D is the diameter of the upper circular portion of a standard egg-shaped section, the overall depth is 1.5D.
Correct Answer: all of the above
Explanation: Manholes on sewer lines are provided for periodic cleaning, providing air for oxidation, and removal of part of sewerage. They serve multiple purposes in the sewer system.
Correct Answer: bend
Explanation: A manhole is generally provided at each bend in a sewer line. This facilitates inspection, cleaning, and maintenance of the sewer system.
Correct Answer: cleaning of sewer
Explanation: The main function of a manhole is the cleaning of the sewer. It provides access for maintenance activities, including cleaning and inspection.
Correct Answer: 1.2 m
Explanation: The working chamber of a manhole, along the direction of flow, should have a minimum length of 1.2 m for a depth more than 0.8 m. This ensures sufficient space for maintenance activities.
Correct Answer: deep manhole
Explanation: A manhole of such depth that an access shaft is required in addition to the working chamber is called a deep manhole. This is typically deeper than the standard manhole and may require additional access for maintenance.
Correct Answer: 0.7-0.9 m
Explanation: A manhole is said to be shallow if its depth is less than 0.7-0.9 m. Shallow manholes are relatively shallower than standard manholes.
Correct Answer: 0.9-1.5 m
Explanation: A manhole is said to be medium if its depth is between 0.9-1.5 m. Medium manholes fall within this depth range.
Correct Answer: 1.5 m
Explanation: A manhole is said to be deep if its depth is more than 1.5 m. Deep manholes are deeper than standard manholes and may require additional access.
Correct Answer: drop manhole
Explanation: An inspection arm is provided in a drop manhole. This feature facilitates inspection and maintenance of the sewer system.
Correct Answer: drop manhole
Explanation: When the fall in elevation is greater than 60 cm, the manhole provided is called a drop manhole. Drop manholes are used to accommodate the steep change in elevation in the sewer line.
Correct Answer: hilly towns
Explanation: Drop manholes are typically provided on sewers in hilly towns where there is a significant change in elevation. They help manage the steep slopes and provide access for maintenance.
Correct Answer: to detect toxic gases
Explanation: Before entering a manhole, a candle is lowered into the manhole to detect toxic gases. If the flame extinguishes or behaves abnormally, it indicates the presence of harmful gases.
Correct Answer: illuminating sewer line
Explanation: A lamp hole is helpful in illuminating the sewer line. It provides light for better visibility and inspection of the sewer.
Correct Answer: clean outs
Explanation: A cleanout is a structure constructed to remove obstacles in the sewer. It provides access for cleaning and removing debris from the sewer line.
Correct Answer: ventilated lamp holes
Explanation: Flush air inlets are sometimes called ventilated lamp holes. They serve to allow air into the sewer system and prevent siphonage.
Correct Answer: flushing tank
Explanation: A flushing tank is a structure constructed where self-cleaning velocity is not developed to prevent choking. It helps in flushing the sewer line to remove deposits.
Correct Answer: 10-15 liters
Explanation: The capacity of a flushing cistern for water closets is typically in the range of 10-15 liters. This provides sufficient water for effective flushing.
Correct Answer: 2 m
Explanation: The minimum height of a flushing cistern is typically around 2 meters. This height allows for effective flushing of the water closet.
Correct Answer: prevent nest building
Explanation: The object of a cowl is to prevent nest building. It is a protective cover that helps keep birds and other animals from building nests in the sewer vent pipes.
Correct Answer: oxidation ditch
Explanation: Treatment of sewage for small estates and colonies is often done by oxidation ditch systems. These systems use aerobic bacteria action for sewage treatment.
Correct Answer: oxidation pond
Explanation: Sewage is treated by aerobic bacteria action in oxidation ponds. These ponds facilitate the natural treatment of sewage through biological processes.
Correct Answer: CO2, H2S, and methane
Explanation: The gases given out of the septic tank include carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and methane.
Correct Answer: H2S
Explanation: The gas most commonly associated with septic wastewater is hydrogen sulfide (H2S). It is known for its foul smell.
Correct Answer: soak pit
Explanation: From the septic tank, the effluents are discharged into a soak pit. The soak pit allows for further filtration and absorption of the treated effluents into the soil.
FAQs on Water Supply & Sanitation Engineering MCQs for Civil Engineers
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