Correct Answer: A group of computers connected to each other
Explanation: A network is a collection of computers and other devices interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information.
Correct Answer: CAN
Explanation: CAN (Campus Area Network) is a type of network, making the statement false. LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network), and MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) are valid types of networks.
Correct Answer: Local Area Network
Explanation: LAN stands for Local Area Network, which is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as a home, office, or school.
Correct Answer: Router
Explanation: A router connects a Local Area Network (LAN) to a Wide Area Network (WAN), allowing devices on the LAN to communicate with devices on other networks.
Correct Answer: To connect multiple devices within a LAN
Explanation: A switch is a networking device used to connect multiple devices within a Local Area Network (LAN) and manage the traffic between them efficiently.
Correct Answer: Bus
Explanation: In a bus topology, all devices are connected in a linear fashion along a single cable, resembling a bus route, where each device receives all transmissions but only processes those intended for it.
Correct Answer: High fault tolerance
Explanation: In a star network, if one device fails or a cable is disconnected, only that particular connection is affected, leaving the rest of the network operational, thus offering high fault tolerance.
Correct Answer: DHCP Server
Explanation: DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server automatically assigns IP addresses to devices in a network, simplifying network administration and preventing IP address conflicts.
Correct Answer: SSL/TLS
Explanation: SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and its successor TLS (Transport Layer Security) are protocols used for securing communications over a computer network, commonly used in web browsing, email, and other applications.
Correct Answer: Bridge
Explanation: A bridge is a networking device that operates at the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model, connecting two or more network segments and filtering traffic based on MAC addresses.
Correct Answer: It enables sharing of resources and information
Explanation: Networking facilitates the sharing of resources such as printers, files, and applications, and enables communication and collaboration among users, which enhances productivity and efficiency in computing environments.
Correct Answer: Networking enables access to cloud services and resources
Explanation: Networking is essential in cloud computing as it provides connectivity between users and cloud services, allowing access to data, applications, and resources over the internet.
Correct Answer: By facilitating secure communication and access controls
Explanation: Networking enables the implementation of security measures such as encryption, firewalls, and access controls to protect data from unauthorized access, ensuring data confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Correct Answer: By enabling real-time collaboration and messaging
Explanation: Networking allows employees within organizations to communicate and collaborate in real-time through various means such as email, instant messaging, video conferencing, and shared documents, improving efficiency and productivity.
Correct Answer: It facilitates remote data storage and backup
Explanation: Networking enables organizations to store backup data remotely, either on-site or off-site, providing redundancy and disaster recovery capabilities in the event of data loss or system failures.
Correct Answer: By enabling communication between virtual machines and physical devices
Explanation: Networking allows virtual machines to communicate with each other and with physical devices on the network, facilitating the integration of virtualization technologies into computing environments.
Correct Answer: Networking enables connectivity and data exchange between IoT devices
Explanation: Networking is essential in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem as it enables communication and data exchange between interconnected IoT devices, allowing them to collect, analyze, and share data for various applications and services.
Correct Answer: By enabling the expansion of IT infrastructure and services
Explanation: Networking facilitates business scalability by providing the infrastructure and connectivity required to expand IT resources, services, and operations to accommodate business growth and changing needs.
Correct Answer: It enables remote access to corporate networks and applications
Explanation: Networking allows employees to securely access corporate networks, applications, and resources from remote locations, enabling remote work flexibility and productivity.
Correct Answer: By facilitating real-time communication and collaboration
Explanation: Networking enhances competitive advantage in businesses by enabling real-time communication and collaboration internally among employees and externally with customers, partners, and suppliers, which fosters innovation, agility, and responsiveness to market changes.
Correct Answer: A network connecting devices within a limited area
Explanation: A LAN is a network that connects computers and devices within a limited geographical area, such as a home, office, or school, allowing them to communicate and share resources.
Correct Answer: Limited geographic scope
Explanation: LANs typically cover a limited geographic area, such as a single building or campus, enabling devices within the network to communicate with each other at high speeds and with low latency.
Correct Answer: Desktop computers and printers
Explanation: Devices commonly found in a LAN include desktop computers, laptops, printers, network switches, routers, and other networking equipment used for communication and resource sharing.
Correct Answer: Ethernet
Explanation: Ethernet is a common networking technology used in LANs for wired connections, providing high-speed data transmission over twisted pair or fiber optic cables.
Correct Answer: High reliability and performance
Explanation: Ethernet offers high reliability and performance in LAN environments, with fast data transfer rates, low latency, and support for various network protocols, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.
Correct Answer: Switch
Explanation: A switch is a networking device commonly used to connect devices within a LAN, allowing them to communicate with each other by forwarding data packets based on MAC addresses.
Correct Answer: It connects devices within the LAN to the internet
Explanation: A router in a LAN serves as a gateway to connect devices within the LAN to the internet, enabling communication between the LAN and external networks.
Correct Answer: To identify devices within the LAN
Explanation: IP addressing is used in a LAN to uniquely identify devices within the network, allowing them to communicate with each other and facilitating the routing of data packets.
Correct Answer: Star
Explanation: The star topology is commonly used in LAN environments, where devices are connected to a central switch or hub, enabling efficient communication and easy scalability.
Correct Answer: Enhanced communication and resource sharing
Explanation: A LAN enables enhanced communication and resource sharing among connected devices, improving productivity, collaboration, and efficiency compared to standalone computers.
Correct Answer: A network spanning a large geographical area
Explanation: A WAN is a network that spans a large geographical area, connecting multiple LANs, buildings, cities, or even countries, allowing for long-distance communication and data exchange.
Correct Answer: Wide coverage area
Explanation: WANs have a wide coverage area, spanning large geographical distances, which enables communication between geographically dispersed locations, but they may have lower data transfer rates and higher latency compared to LANs.
Correct Answer: Satellite
Explanation: Satellite technology is commonly used for WAN connections, especially in remote or rural areas where traditional wired connections like fiber optics or copper cables are impractical or unavailable.
Correct Answer: Wide coverage area
Explanation: Satellite technology offers a wide coverage area for WAN connections, making it suitable for remote or isolated locations where terrestrial infrastructure is limited or non-existent.
Correct Answer: IANA
Explanation: The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for managing the allocation of IP addresses and domain names worldwide, including for WAN connections.
Correct Answer: It forwards data packets between WANs and LANs
Explanation: A router in a WAN environment serves as a gateway that forwards data packets between different networks, such as between WANs and LANs, facilitating communication between geographically dispersed locations.
Correct Answer: MPLS
Explanation: MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) is a WAN technology used by service providers to deliver high-performance, secure, and scalable WAN services to connect geographically dispersed locations.
Correct Answer: To improve network performance and efficiency
Explanation: WAN optimization techniques are used to improve the performance and efficiency of WAN connections by reducing latency, optimizing bandwidth usage, and accelerating data transfer speeds.
Correct Answer: Wide coverage area
Explanation: A WAN offers a wide coverage area, allowing communication between geographically dispersed locations, whereas a LAN typically covers a smaller area, such as a single building or campus.
Correct Answer: By enabling communication and data exchange between geographically dispersed locations
Explanation: WANs enable global businesses to communicate, collaborate, and share data across different offices, branches, and regions, facilitating international operations and expansion.
Correct Answer: A network covering a city or metropolitan area
Explanation: A MAN is a network that covers a city or metropolitan area, connecting multiple locations within the urban area to facilitate communication and data exchange.
Correct Answer: Wide coverage area
Explanation: MANs have a wide coverage area, spanning a city or metropolitan area, which allows for communication between various locations within the urban area.
Correct Answer: Large corporations and universities
Explanation: Large corporations, universities, government agencies, and other organizations with multiple offices or campuses within a city or metropolitan area commonly use MANs to interconnect their locations for communication and resource sharing.
Correct Answer: Fiber optics
Explanation: Fiber optics is commonly used in MANs for high-speed data transmission over long distances within a city or metropolitan area, offering high bandwidth and reliability.
Correct Answer: High bandwidth and data transmission rates
Explanation: Fiber optic technology offers high bandwidth and data transmission rates for MANs, enabling fast and reliable communication between locations within a city or metropolitan area.
Correct Answer: It forwards data packets between MANs and WANs
Explanation: A router in a MAN environment forwards data packets between different networks, such as between MANs and WANs, facilitating communication between locations within the metropolitan area and beyond.
Correct Answer: Wide coverage area
Explanation: A MAN offers a wide coverage area compared to a LAN, spanning a city or metropolitan area, which allows for communication between multiple locations within the urban area.
Correct Answer: By providing connectivity for critical services and infrastructure within the city
Explanation: MANs support urban infrastructure by providing connectivity for critical services such as transportation systems, emergency services, utilities, and government agencies within the city, facilitating efficient operations and communication.
Correct Answer: Enhanced communication and resource sharing among campuses
Explanation: MANs enable educational institutions to connect multiple campuses or locations within a city or metropolitan area, facilitating communication, collaboration, and resource sharing among students, faculty, and staff across different sites.
Correct Answer: By providing connectivity for smart infrastructure and services
Explanation: MANs contribute to smart city initiatives by providing connectivity for various smart infrastructure and services, such as transportation systems, energy management, public safety, and environmental monitoring, enabling efficient and sustainable urban development.
Correct Answer: A device used to connect different networks and forward data packets between them
Explanation: A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between different networks, such as between a LAN and the internet, based on routing tables and protocols.
Correct Answer: It manages network traffic and ensures data delivery between networks
Explanation: A router manages network traffic by directing data packets between different networks, ensuring efficient data delivery and facilitating communication between devices on different networks.
Correct Answer: A device used to connect multiple devices within a LAN and manage network traffic
Explanation: A switch is a networking device used to connect multiple devices within a LAN and manage network traffic by directing data packets to their intended destinations based on MAC addresses.
Correct Answer: A switch forwards data packets based on MAC addresses, while a hub broadcasts data packets to all connected devices.
Explanation: A switch forwards data packets to specific devices based on their MAC addresses, improving network efficiency, while a hub broadcasts data packets to all devices connected to it, resulting in more collisions and reduced network performance.
Correct Answer: Higher data transfer rates
Explanation: A switch provides higher data transfer rates and better network performance compared to a hub, as it forwards data packets only to the intended recipients, reducing network congestion and collisions.
Correct Answer: It forwards data packets between devices within the LAN
Explanation: A switch in a LAN forwards data packets between devices within the same network, allowing them to communicate with each other efficiently.
Correct Answer: A logical network segment created within a larger physical network
Explanation: A VLAN is a logical network segment created within a larger physical network, allowing devices to communicate as if they were on the same physical network, even if they are physically located on different LAN segments.
Correct Answer: Improved network security
Explanation: VLAN segmentation improves network security by isolating traffic within logical network segments, restricting communication between different VLANs, and enabling the implementation of access controls and security policies.
Correct Answer: To manage network bandwidth and ensure performance for critical applications
Explanation: Quality of Service (QoS) is used to manage network bandwidth and prioritize traffic to ensure reliable performance for critical applications, such as voice and video conferencing, by assigning priority levels to different types of traffic.
Correct Answer: A router connects devices within a LAN, while a switch connects different networks.
Explanation: A router connects devices within a LAN and forwards data packets between different networks, such as between a LAN and the internet, while a switch connects multiple devices within the same LAN and forwards data packets between them.
Correct Answer: A device used to amplify network signals
Explanation: A hub is a networking device that operates at the physical layer of the OSI model and simply repeats signals it receives from one port to all other ports, effectively amplifying the signal.
Correct Answer: A hub broadcasts data packets to all connected devices, while a switch forwards data packets to specific devices.
Explanation: Unlike a switch, which forwards data packets selectively to specific devices based on MAC addresses, a hub broadcasts incoming data packets to all devices connected to it, leading to more collisions and reduced network performance.
Correct Answer: It amplifies network signals and repeats them to connected devices
Explanation: A hub amplifies network signals it receives on one port and repeats them to all other ports, allowing connected devices to receive the signal.
Correct Answer: Higher data transfer rates
Explanation: A switch offers higher data transfer rates and better network performance compared to a hub, as it forwards data packets only to the intended recipients, reducing network congestion and collisions.
Correct Answer: A device used to modulate and demodulate digital signals for transmission over communication lines
Explanation: A modem is a networking device that modulates digital data from a computer into analog signals for transmission over communication lines, such as telephone lines or cable lines, and demodulates incoming analog signals back into digital data.
Correct Answer: Both wired and wireless connections
Explanation: Modems can support both wired connections, such as through telephone lines or cable lines, and wireless connections, such as through cellular networks or satellite connections, depending on the type of modem and the available infrastructure.
Correct Answer: To convert digital data from computers into analog signals for transmission over communication lines
Explanation: The primary function of a modem in internet access is to modulate digital data from computers into analog signals for transmission over communication lines, such as telephone lines or cable lines, and demodulate incoming analog signals back into digital data for the computer.
Correct Answer: A modem converts digital data into analog signals for transmission over communication lines, while a router manages network traffic and ensures data delivery between networks.
Explanation: A modem converts digital data into analog signals for transmission over communication lines, while a router forwards data packets between different networks and manages network traffic to ensure efficient data delivery.
Correct Answer: A networking model that defines the protocols and standards used for data transmission over networks
Explanation: The TCP/IP model is a conceptual framework that defines the protocols and standards used for data transmission over networks, including the internet. It consists of four layers: the Application layer, Transport layer, Internet layer, and Link layer.
Correct Answer: Application, Transport, Network, Data Link
Explanation: The four layers of the TCP/IP model are the Application layer, Transport layer, Internet layer, and Data Link layer. These layers provide a framework for the implementation of networking protocols and standards.
Correct Answer: Internet layer
Explanation: The Internet layer of the TCP/IP model is responsible for addressing and routing data packets between different networks, including the internet, using IP (Internet Protocol) addresses.
Correct Answer: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
Explanation: The primary protocol used at the Transport layer of the TCP/IP model is TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), which provides reliable, connection-oriented communication between devices by ensuring data delivery and error detection.
Correct Answer: To provide reliable data transmission and error detection
Explanation: The primary function of the Transport layer in the TCP/IP model is to provide reliable data transmission and error detection by using protocols such as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
Correct Answer: Application layer
Explanation: The Application layer of the TCP/IP model is responsible for defining the format and structure of data packets exchanged between applications, as well as the protocols used for communication.
Correct Answer: HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
Explanation: HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is commonly used at the Application layer of the TCP/IP model for web browsing, allowing clients to request and receive web pages from web servers over the internet.
Correct Answer: Internet layer
Explanation: The Internet layer of the TCP/IP model corresponds to the Network layer of the OSI model, as it is responsible for addressing and routing data packets between different networks using IP addresses.
Correct Answer: To address and route data packets between different networks
Explanation: IP (Internet Protocol) is responsible for addressing and routing data packets between different networks at the Internet layer of the TCP/IP model, enabling communication across the internet.
Correct Answer: TCP provides connection-oriented communication, while UDP provides connectionless communication.
Explanation: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) provides connection-oriented communication, ensuring data delivery and error detection, while UDP (User Datagram Protocol) provides connectionless communication, which is faster but less reliable.
Correct Answer: To ensure reliable data transmission and error correction
Explanation: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) ensures reliable data transmission by establishing a connection, sequencing data packets, and providing error detection and correction through acknowledgments and retransmissions.
Correct Answer: By establishing a connection and sequencing data packets
Explanation: TCP establishes a connection between the sender and receiver and sequences data packets to ensure they are delivered accurately and in order. It uses acknowledgments and retransmissions to correct any errors.
Correct Answer: A connection establishment process involving SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK packets
Explanation: The “three-way handshake” is a connection establishment process in TCP that involves the exchange of SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK packets between the sender and receiver to establish a reliable connection.
Correct Answer: Fast, connectionless communication
Explanation: UDP (User Datagram Protocol) provides fast, connectionless communication without the overhead of establishing a connection or performing error detection and correction, making it suitable for applications that require speed and can tolerate some data loss.
Correct Answer: For real-time applications like online gaming and live streaming
Explanation: UDP is preferred for real-time applications like online gaming and live streaming because it offers low latency and faster data transmission, even though it does not guarantee reliable delivery.
Correct Answer: Flow control and congestion avoidance algorithms
Explanation: TCP uses flow control and congestion avoidance algorithms, such as the sliding window mechanism and congestion control techniques, to manage the flow of data between the sender and receiver, ensuring efficient use of network resources and avoiding congestion.
Correct Answer: UDP, because it is faster and DNS queries are typically small
Explanation: UDP is used for DNS queries because it is faster and more efficient for the typically small and quick query-response exchanges, even though it does not provide guaranteed delivery.
Correct Answer: By retransmitting lost packets based on acknowledgments
Explanation: TCP handles packet loss by retransmitting lost packets based on acknowledgments from the receiver. If the sender does not receive an acknowledgment for a packet, it assumes the packet was lost and retransmits it.
Correct Answer: Reliable delivery and error correction
Explanation: The main advantage of using TCP for email transmission is its reliable delivery and error correction features, ensuring that email messages are accurately delivered without loss or corruption.
Correct Answer: ACK (Acknowledgment)
Explanation: TCP uses the acknowledgment (ACK) protocol to manage data transmission between devices. After a data packet is received, the receiver sends an acknowledgment back to the sender, confirming successful receipt. If the acknowledgment is not received, the sender retransmits the packet.
Correct Answer: HyperText Transfer Protocol
Explanation: HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol, which is used for transmitting web pages over the internet. It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and how web servers and browsers should respond to various commands.
Correct Answer: To retrieve and display web pages
Explanation: The primary purpose of HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is to retrieve and display web pages from web servers to web browsers, facilitating the communication between clients and servers over the internet.
Correct Answer: File Transfer Protocol; used for transferring files between computers
Explanation: FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol, and its primary use is to transfer files between computers over a network, allowing users to upload and download files to and from FTP servers.
Correct Answer: 80
Explanation: HTTP commonly uses port number 80 for communication between web servers and clients. This port is the default for HTTP traffic on the internet.
Correct Answer: HTTPS
Explanation: HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is used to securely transfer web pages and data over the internet. It combines HTTP with SSL/TLS to encrypt data and ensure secure communication between clients and servers.
Correct Answer: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol; used for sending emails
Explanation: SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, and its primary function is to send emails from clients to mail servers and between mail servers, facilitating the transmission of email messages over networks.
Correct Answer: SMTP
Explanation: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) uses port 25 by default for sending emails. This port is used by mail servers to communicate and transfer email messages.
Correct Answer: FTP transfers files in plain text, while SFTP transfers files securely using encryption.
Explanation: The main difference between FTP and SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) is that FTP transfers files in plain text, while SFTP uses encryption to securely transfer files, providing an additional layer of security.
Correct Answer: FTP
Explanation: You would use FTP (File Transfer Protocol) to download a large file from a remote server, as it is specifically designed for transferring files efficiently between computers over a network.
Correct Answer: It defines how web browsers and servers communicate.
Explanation: HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) plays a crucial role in the World Wide Web by defining how web browsers and servers communicate, enabling the retrieval and display of web pages and other resources over the internet.
Correct Answer: To secure web communication using encryption
Explanation: The purpose of HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is to secure web communication by using SSL/TLS encryption, ensuring that data transmitted between clients and servers is protected from eavesdropping and tampering.
Correct Answer: SMTP
Explanation: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is essential for sending emails from a client to a mail server, facilitating the transmission of email messages across networks and between mail servers.