Correct Answer: ILO
Explanation: ILO (International Labour Organization) focuses on labor rights, decent work, and social justice worldwide. It sets international labor standards, promotes decent work for all, and addresses issues such as child labor and forced labor.
Correct Answer: UNHCR
Explanation: UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) is responsible for protecting and assisting refugees and forcibly displaced persons worldwide. It provides humanitarian aid, advocates for durable solutions, and works to safeguard the rights of refugees.
Correct Answer: UNEP
Explanation: UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) focuses on environmental conservation and sustainability. It works to address global environmental challenges, promote sustainable development, and protect the planet for future generations.
Correct Answer: UN-Habitat
Explanation: UN-Habitat (United Nations Human Settlements Programme) is dedicated to promoting sustainable urbanization and human settlements. It works to address urban challenges, improve living conditions, and ensure equitable access to basic services in cities and towns worldwide.
Correct Answer: ITU
Explanation: ITU (International Telecommunication Union) focuses on international telecommunications and information and communication technologies (ICTs). It works to ensure global access to ICTs, promote innovation, and bridge the digital divide.
Correct Answer: FAO
Explanation: FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) focuses on agricultural development and rural poverty reduction. It works to improve agricultural productivity, ensure food security, and promote sustainable rural development worldwide.
Correct Answer: UNIDO
Explanation: UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization) is dedicated to promoting industrial development and inclusive and sustainable industrialization. It works to accelerate economic growth, create employment opportunities, and reduce poverty through industrialization.
Correct Answer: UNCTAD
Explanation: UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) focuses on promoting international trade and economic development. It works to address trade imbalances, promote sustainable development, and enhance the participation of developing countries in the global economy.
Correct Answer: UNAIDS
Explanation: UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS) is responsible for coordinating efforts to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. It works to prevent new infections, provide treatment and care, and promote human rights and gender equality in the response to these diseases.
Correct Answer: ICAO
Explanation: ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) is dedicated to promoting international civil aviation and air travel safety. It sets global standards and regulations for aviation, promotes cooperation among member states, and works to enhance the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of air transport.
Correct Answer: IMO
Explanation: IMO (International Maritime Organization) focuses on promoting maritime safety, security, and environmental protection. It sets international standards for the safety and security of shipping, addresses marine pollution, and promotes sustainable maritime transportation.
Correct Answer: ILO
Explanation: ILO (International Labour Organization) focuses on promoting labor rights, decent work, and social justice worldwide. It sets international labor standards, promotes decent work for all, and addresses issues such as child labor and forced labor.
Correct Answer: UPU
Explanation: UPU (Universal Postal Union) focuses on promoting postal services and international mail exchange. It sets global standards for postal operations, facilitates international mail delivery, and promotes cooperation among postal operators worldwide.
Correct Answer: IAEA
Explanation: IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) is dedicated to promoting nuclear energy and atomic safety worldwide. It works to ensure the safe, secure, and peaceful use of nuclear technology, prevent nuclear proliferation, and enhance nuclear safety and security.
Correct Answer: WIPO
Explanation: WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) focuses on promoting intellectual property rights and innovation worldwide. It sets global standards for the protection of intellectual property, facilitates international cooperation in this field, and promotes the use of intellectual property for economic and social development.
Correct Answer: Fostering cooperation in education, science, and culture
Explanation: UNESCO’s primary role is to foster cooperation in education, science, and culture worldwide. It promotes quality education, scientific research, cultural diversity, and the preservation of cultural heritage to build peace and sustainable development.
Correct Answer: Protecting and advocating for the rights of children worldwide
Explanation: UNICEF’s main focus is on protecting and advocating for the rights of children worldwide. It works to ensure every child has access to healthcare, education, protection, and a safe environment to thrive.
Correct Answer: Protecting and promoting public health worldwide
Explanation: The primary mandate of WHO is to protect and promote public health worldwide. It sets global health standards, provides technical assistance, and coordinates responses to health emergencies and disease outbreaks.
Correct Answer: FAO
Explanation: FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) is responsible for addressing food insecurity, hunger, and malnutrition globally. It promotes sustainable agriculture, food security, and nutrition to ensure all people have access to nutritious and safe food.
Correct Answer: Protecting and assisting refugees and forcibly displaced persons worldwide
Explanation: The primary objective of UNHCR is to protect and assist refugees and forcibly displaced persons worldwide. It provides humanitarian aid, advocates for durable solutions, and works to safeguard the rights of refugees.
Correct Answer: Protecting and conserving the environment and promoting sustainable development
Explanation: UNEP’s primary focus is on protecting and conserving the environment and promoting sustainable development. It addresses global environmental challenges, promotes resource efficiency, and supports efforts to achieve a sustainable and resilient future.
Correct Answer: Promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women worldwide
Explanation: The main role of UN Women is to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women worldwide. It works to advance women’s rights, eliminate discrimination, and ensure women’s full participation in all aspects of society.
Correct Answer: Combating illicit drugs, transnational organized crime, and corruption
Explanation: The primary mandate of UNODC is to combat illicit drugs, transnational organized crime, and corruption. It works to strengthen international cooperation, provide technical assistance, and promote the rule of law to address these global challenges.
Correct Answer: Promoting labor rights, decent work, and social justice worldwide
Explanation: The main objective of ILO is to promote labor rights, decent work, and social justice worldwide. It sets international labor standards, promotes decent work for all, and addresses issues such as child labor and forced labor.
Correct Answer: By fostering cooperation in education, science, and culture
Explanation: UNESCO contributes to global development by fostering cooperation in education, science, and culture. It promotes quality education, scientific research, cultural diversity, and the preservation of cultural heritage to build peace and sustainable development.
Correct Answer: By protecting and advocating for the rights of children worldwide
Explanation: UNICEF contributes to global development by protecting and advocating for the rights of children worldwide. It works to ensure every child has access to healthcare, education, protection, and a safe environment to thrive.
Correct Answer: By protecting and promoting public health worldwide
Explanation: WHO contributes to global development by protecting and promoting public health worldwide. It sets global health standards, provides technical assistance, and coordinates responses to health emergencies and disease outbreaks.
Correct Answer: By addressing food insecurity, hunger, and malnutrition
Explanation: FAO contributes to global development by addressing food insecurity, hunger, and malnutrition worldwide. It promotes sustainable agriculture, food security, and nutrition to ensure all people have access to nutritious and safe food.
Correct Answer: By protecting and assisting refugees and forcibly displaced persons worldwide
Explanation: UNHCR contributes to global development by protecting and assisting refugees and forcibly displaced persons worldwide. It provides humanitarian aid, advocates for durable solutions, and works to safeguard the rights of refugees.
Correct Answer: By protecting and conserving the environment and promoting sustainable development
Explanation: UNEP contributes to global development by protecting and conserving the environment and promoting sustainable development. It addresses global environmental challenges, promotes resource efficiency, and supports efforts to achieve a sustainable and resilient future.
Correct Answer: 17
Explanation: The United Nations adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Correct Answer: To provide a universal framework for addressing global challenges and achieving sustainable development
Explanation: The purpose of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to provide a universal framework for addressing global challenges and achieving sustainable development across economic, social, and environmental dimensions.
Correct Answer: Industrialization
Explanation: Industrialization is not one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs focus on a wide range of issues, including poverty eradication, education, health, gender equality, climate action, and sustainable cities, among others.
Correct Answer: SDG 4: Quality Education
Explanation: SDG 4: Quality Education aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education for all. It focuses on achieving universal access to education, promoting lifelong learning opportunities, and improving literacy and numeracy rates.
Correct Answer: SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
Explanation: SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth aims to promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all. It focuses on creating job opportunities, reducing informal employment, and promoting entrepreneurship and innovation.
Correct Answer: SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
Explanation: SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions aim to promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all, and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels.
Correct Answer: SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
Explanation: SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy aims to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. It focuses on expanding access to clean energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and promoting investment in renewable energy infrastructure.
Correct Answer: Specific actions and interventions aimed at achieving the SDGs
Explanation: Targets in the context of the SDGs refer to specific actions and interventions aimed at achieving the goals set forth by each SDG.
Correct Answer: Varies by goal
Explanation: The number of targets associated with each SDG varies. Some SDGs have fewer targets, while others have more, depending on the complexity and scope of the goal.
Correct Answer: Instruments used to measure progress towards achieving the SDGs
Explanation: Indicators in the context of the SDGs are instruments used to measure progress towards achieving the goals and targets set forth by each SDG.
Correct Answer: To track progress and assess the impact of SDG-related policies and initiatives
Explanation: The purpose of using indicators in the context of the SDGs is to track progress and assess the impact of SDG-related policies and initiatives, helping policymakers and stakeholders understand what works and what needs improvement.
Correct Answer: Enrollment rate in primary education
Explanation: The enrollment rate in primary education is an example of an indicator used to measure progress towards achieving SDG 4 (Quality Education). It helps assess the extent to which children have access to primary education.
Correct Answer: Percentage of renewable energy consumption
Explanation: The percentage of renewable energy consumption is an example of an indicator used to measure progress towards achieving SDG 13 (Climate Action). It helps assess the transition to sustainable energy sources and efforts to mitigate climate change.
Correct Answer: They help monitor progress and hold governments accountable for their commitments
Explanation: Targets and indicators play a crucial role in the implementation of the SDGs by helping monitor progress and hold governments accountable for their commitments to achieving the goals. They provide a means to assess performance and identify areas that require additional attention and resources.
Correct Answer: UNHCR’s work to protect refugees’ rights
Explanation: UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) leads initiatives to protect refugees’ rights, including ensuring their safety, access to asylum, and assistance in rebuilding their lives.
Correct Answer: OHCHR
Explanation: OHCHR (Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights) is primarily responsible for promoting and protecting human rights globally, including advocating for the implementation of international human rights standards.
Correct Answer: A treaty that establishes the legal framework for human rights enforcement, adopted in 1948
Explanation: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a foundational document that outlines fundamental human rights principles. It was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948.
Correct Answer: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
Explanation: The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is one of the primary international legal instruments for the protection of human rights. It addresses civil and political rights, such as the right to life, freedom of speech, and fair trial.
Correct Answer: To protect and promote human rights worldwide
Explanation: The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is responsible for promoting and protecting human rights worldwide. It addresses human rights violations, conducts investigations, and provides recommendations for action.
Correct Answer: UN Women
Explanation: UN Women is dedicated to promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women worldwide. It works to advance women’s rights, eliminate discrimination, and ensure women’s full participation in all aspects of society.
Correct Answer: Advocating for the implementation of international human rights standards
Explanation: The United Nations plays a crucial role in protecting and promoting human rights globally by advocating for the implementation of international human rights standards, monitoring human rights situations, and providing assistance to countries in addressing human rights violations.
Correct Answer: OHCHR
Explanation: The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) is responsible for overseeing the implementation of international human rights treaties and promoting respect for human rights worldwide.
Correct Answer: Conducting investigations into human rights violations
Explanation: The OHCHR conducts investigations into human rights violations, advocates for the rights of marginalized groups, provides technical assistance to countries, and engages in human rights education and awareness-raising activities.
Correct Answer: By conducting investigations into human rights violations
Explanation: The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) contributes to protecting and promoting human rights by conducting investigations into human rights violations, monitoring human rights situations, and making recommendations for action to address abuses.
Correct Answer: Treaty monitoring bodies and special procedures
Explanation: Treaty monitoring bodies and special procedures allow individuals to submit complaints about human rights violations directly to the international community, enabling the United Nations to address specific cases of abuse and hold perpetrators accountable.
Correct Answer: Advocating for women’s rights and gender mainstreaming in all aspects of its work
Explanation: The United Nations advocates for women’s rights and gender mainstreaming in all aspects of its work to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women globally. It supports initiatives to address gender-based discrimination, violence against women, and barriers to women’s participation in decision-making processes.
Correct Answer: Committees of independent experts that monitor the implementation of human rights treaties
Explanation: Treaty monitoring bodies are committees of independent experts that monitor the implementation of human rights treaties by reviewing states’ reports, conducting inquiries, and issuing recommendations to address human rights violations.
Correct Answer: By reviewing states’ compliance with human rights treaties and issuing recommendations
Explanation: Treaty monitoring bodies contribute to human rights monitoring and enforcement by reviewing states’ compliance with human rights treaties, assessing progress, identifying challenges, and issuing recommendations to address human rights violations.
Correct Answer: Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW Committee)
Explanation: The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW Committee) oversees the implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) by reviewing states’ reports, conducting dialogues, and issuing recommendations.
Correct Answer: Reviewing the human rights records of all UN member states
Explanation: The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) conducted by the Human Rights Council reviews the human rights records of all UN member states, assesses their compliance with human rights obligations, and makes recommendations for improvement.
Correct Answer: To address specific human rights issues and country situations through expert mandates
Explanation: The Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council are independent human rights experts or groups of experts with mandates to address specific human rights issues and country situations through investigations, reports, and recommendations.
Correct Answer: OHCHR
Explanation: The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) is responsible for appointing Special Procedures mandate holders, who serve as independent human rights experts tasked with addressing specific human rights issues and country situations.
Correct Answer: Reviewing states’ compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
Explanation: The Human Rights Committee monitors states’ compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) by reviewing states’ reports, conducting dialogues, and issuing recommendations.
Correct Answer: UN Environment Programme’s (UNEP) activities to address environmental challenges
Explanation: The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) leads initiatives to address environmental challenges, promote sustainable development, and conserve natural resources worldwide.
Correct Answer: UNFCCC
Explanation: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is responsible for coordinating international efforts to address climate change, including negotiations for global climate agreements such as the Paris Agreement.
Correct Answer: To conserve biodiversity and ensure its sustainable use
Explanation: The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims to conserve biodiversity, promote sustainable use of biological resources, and ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.
Correct Answer: CBD Secretariat
Explanation: The CBD Secretariat oversees the implementation of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) by supporting parties in meeting their obligations, facilitating cooperation, and promoting conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.
Correct Answer: Protecting cultural and natural heritage sites
Explanation: UNESCO plays a role in environmental conservation by protecting cultural and natural heritage sites, promoting biodiversity conservation, and fostering sustainable development through education and awareness-raising initiatives.
Correct Answer: UNESCO
Explanation: UNESCO is responsible for promoting sustainable management of freshwater resources through initiatives aimed at water conservation, water quality improvement, and access to safe drinking water and sanitation.
Correct Answer: To address environmental sustainability
Explanation: The main objective of the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030) is to address environmental sustainability by promoting efforts to restore degraded ecosystems, combat climate change, and conserve biodiversity.
Correct Answer: Implementing renewable energy projects and reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Explanation: The United Nations leads climate change mitigation efforts by promoting renewable energy projects, supporting energy efficiency measures, and advocating for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to combat climate change.
Correct Answer: A global climate pact to limit global warming and reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Explanation: The Paris Agreement is a global climate pact adopted in 2015 to limit global warming and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It sets targets for countries to reduce their emissions and enhance climate resilience.
Correct Answer: UNFCCC
Explanation: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is responsible for overseeing the implementation of the Paris Agreement, including monitoring countries’ progress towards their emissions reduction targets and facilitating international climate negotiations.
Correct Answer: Voluntary pledges made by countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change
Explanation: Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are voluntary pledges made by countries under the Paris Agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance climate resilience, and contribute to global efforts to limit global warming.
Correct Answer: Providing technical assistance, capacity-building, and financial support for adaptation projects
Explanation: The United Nations supports countries’ efforts to adapt to climate change impacts by providing technical assistance, capacity-building, and financial support for adaptation projects aimed at enhancing resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate-related risks.
Correct Answer: A fund to support climate mitigation and adaptation projects in developing countries
Explanation: The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is a financial mechanism established under the UNFCCC to support climate mitigation and adaptation projects in developing countries. It provides financial resources to help countries transition to low-emission and climate-resilient pathways.
Correct Answer: The Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement
Explanation: The Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement are two key international agreements facilitated by the United Nations to address environmental challenges, particularly climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Correct Answer: An international treaty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Explanation: The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty adopted in 1997 under the UNFCCC, with the main objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to combat climate change.
Correct Answer: Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O)
Explanation: The Kyoto Protocol targets carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) for emission reduction, as these are significant greenhouse gases contributing to climate change.
Correct Answer: A global climate pact to limit global warming and reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Explanation: The Paris Agreement is a global climate pact adopted in 2015, aiming to limit global warming and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It sets itself apart from previous agreements like the Kyoto Protocol by including all countries, with voluntary emission reduction targets known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
Correct Answer: A long-term goal to keep global temperature increase well below 2 degrees Celsius
Explanation: One of the key components of the Paris Agreement is a long-term goal to keep global temperature increase well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, aiming for efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
Correct Answer: It provides a framework for all countries to work together to combat climate change
Explanation: The Paris Agreement is significant as it provides a framework for all countries to work together to combat climate change, with voluntary emission reduction targets and mechanisms for global cooperation and support.
Correct Answer: Conflict prevention, mediation, peacekeeping, peacebuilding, and post-conflict reconstruction
Explanation: The United Nations employs various strategies and approaches in peacebuilding efforts, including conflict prevention, mediation, peacekeeping operations, peacebuilding initiatives, and post-conflict reconstruction efforts.
Correct Answer: Addressing the root causes of conflicts and preventing their escalation into violence
Explanation: Conflict prevention involves addressing the root causes of conflicts and preventing their escalation into violence through early warning mechanisms, mediation, dialogue, and addressing grievances.
Correct Answer: By establishing diplomatic channels and appointing mediators to facilitate dialogue between conflicting parties
Explanation: The United Nations facilitates mediation in peacebuilding processes by establishing diplomatic channels, appointing mediators, and facilitating dialogue between conflicting parties to resolve disputes and reach peaceful settlements.
Correct Answer: Monitoring and observing ceasefires, protecting civilians, and supporting political processes to maintain peace and security
Explanation: UN peacekeeping operations play a crucial role in peacebuilding efforts by monitoring and observing ceasefires, protecting civilians, and supporting political processes to maintain peace and security in conflict-affected areas.
Correct Answer: Demobilization and reintegration of ex-combatants, disarmament, and institution-building
Explanation: During the post-conflict phase, key components of UN peacebuilding efforts include demobilization and reintegration of ex-combatants, disarmament, institution-building, and fostering reconciliation and social cohesion.
Correct Answer: Lack of cooperation from conflicting parties, insufficient funding, and limited resources
Explanation: Common challenges faced by the United Nations in peacebuilding initiatives include the lack of cooperation from conflicting parties, insufficient funding, and limited resources for effective implementation.
Correct Answer: Spoilers disrupt peace processes and undermine efforts to reach agreements by sabotaging negotiations and inciting violence
Explanation: Spoilers are individuals or groups that disrupt peace processes and undermine efforts to reach agreements by sabotaging negotiations, inciting violence, or pursuing their own interests contrary to peacebuilding objectives.
Correct Answer: Transitional justice mechanisms address the root causes of conflicts and prevent their recurrence by promoting accountability, justice, and reconciliation
Explanation: Transitional justice mechanisms, such as truth commissions, tribunals, and reparations programs, play a crucial role in UN peacebuilding efforts by addressing the root causes of conflicts, promoting accountability, justice, and reconciliation, and preventing their recurrence.
Correct Answer: Peace agreements that effectively resolve conflicts, promote reconciliation, and establish sustainable peace
Explanation: Successful UN peacebuilding initiatives include peace agreements that effectively resolve conflicts, promote reconciliation, and establish sustainable peace, often through dialogue, mediation, and support for political processes.
Correct Answer: Local ownership and community engagement enhance the legitimacy and effectiveness of peacebuilding initiatives by involving communities in decision-making processes and promoting ownership of peacebuilding activities
Explanation: Local ownership and community engagement enhance the legitimacy and effectiveness of peacebuilding initiatives by involving communities in decision-making processes, promoting ownership of peacebuilding activities, and ensuring that interventions are contextually appropriate and sustainable.
Correct Answer: The UN establishes legal frameworks and norms to regulate state behavior, promote peace and security, protect human rights, and address global challenges
Explanation: The United Nations plays a central role in shaping and promoting international law and governance by establishing legal frameworks and norms to regulate state behavior, promote peace and security, protect human rights, and address global challenges such as climate change and terrorism.
Correct Answer: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Geneva Conventions, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Explanation: The United Nations has facilitated the adoption of various international treaties and conventions, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Geneva Conventions, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which set standards for human rights, humanitarian law, and child protection.
Correct Answer: It establishes the fundamental rights and freedoms that should be universally protected and respected by all states
Explanation: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a foundational document in international law that establishes the fundamental rights and freedoms that should be universally protected and respected by all states, serving as a guiding framework for human rights norms and standards.
Correct Answer: The Security Council has primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security, including authorizing peacekeeping operations, imposing sanctions, and issuing resolutions to address conflicts and threats to peace
Explanation: The United Nations Security Council has primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security, including authorizing peacekeeping operations, imposing sanctions, and issuing resolutions to address conflicts and threats to peace in accordance with the UN Charter.
Correct Answer: Limited enforcement mechanisms, lack of cooperation from member states, and geopolitical tensions
Explanation: Challenges to effective global governance by the United Nations include limited enforcement mechanisms, lack of cooperation from member states, and geopolitical tensions that hinder consensus-building and decision-making.
Correct Answer: The veto power enables permanent members to unilaterally block resolutions, impeding collective action and undermining the credibility and effectiveness of the Security Council
Explanation: The veto power of the permanent members of the UN Security Council enables them to unilaterally block resolutions, impeding collective action and undermining the credibility and effectiveness of the Security Council, particularly in addressing conflicts and threats to international peace and security.
Correct Answer: Resource constraints limit the UN’s capacity to provide humanitarian aid, support peacekeeping operations, and implement development projects in conflict-affected and vulnerable regions
Explanation: Resource constraints limit the UN’s capacity to provide humanitarian aid, support peacekeeping operations, and implement development projects in conflict-affected and vulnerable regions, hindering its ability to address global challenges effectively.
Correct Answer: Conflicting national interests lead to polarization and gridlock in UN decision-making processes, making it difficult to reach consensus and take decisive action on pressing global issues
Explanation: Conflicting national interests among member states lead to polarization and gridlock in UN decision-making processes, making it difficult to reach consensus and take decisive action on pressing global issues, thereby affecting the effectiveness of UN governance.