Class 11 Physics: Thermodynamics Mock Test

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Quiz: Thermodynamics – Certificate Challenge
Total questions: 500
Questions to attempt: 100 random
Time allotted: 100 minutes
Certificate pass score: 70%
Random questions: Yes
Certificate: Yes
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Thermodynamics – Progressive Test

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1 / 50

1. A heat reservoir is best described as a body that

a) converts all absorbed heat completely into cyclic work

b) keeps nearly constant temperature during heat exchange

c) can exchange matter only, not energy

d) has zero internal energy at all temperatures

2 / 50

2. A gas process has a smooth - path only when each intermediate state can be assigned well-defined thermodynamic variables. This requirement is most closely connected with

a) finite-temperature heat flow only

b) turbulent mixing

c) quasistatic behaviour

d) free expansion into vacuum

3 / 50

3. A - graph shows an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas from to . The curve is not horizontal; pressure decreases as volume increases. The area under this curve represents

b) exactly for every isothermal curve

d) zero because temperature is constant

4 / 50

4. A clockwise loop on a - diagram usually represents

a) no heat exchange at any stage

b) zero net work for every possible loop

c) negative net work done by the gas

d) positive net work done by the gas

5 / 50

5. A substance has specific heat capacity and molar mass . Its molar heat capacity for the same process is

6 / 50

6. A Carnot engine is best described as

a) a real engine with maximum friction and no reservoir

b) a constant-volume gas process with no heat transfer

c) a refrigerator that works without external input

d) an ideal reversible engine between heat reservoirs

7 / 50

7. In a closed thermodynamic system,

a) no matter crosses, but energy may cross

b) neither energy nor matter can cross the boundary

c) only matter can cross the boundary, not energy

d) both matter and energy must always enter freely

8 / 50

8. A - graph is described below.

A fixed amount of ideal gas expands at constant temperature. The curve falls as volume increases, and every point on the curve satisfies .

The described curve is best identified as

a) a constant-volume heating line

b) an isothermal curve

c) an isochoric line

d) an isobaric line

9 / 50

9. A heat engine is claimed to absorb of heat from a single hot reservoir and convert all of it into of work in each cycle, with no other effect. This claim conflicts most directly with

a) Mayer relation for molar heat capacities

b) the zeroth-law statement of thermal equilibrium

c) the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law

d) the ideal-gas equation of state for

10 / 50

10. For a fixed amount of ideal gas undergoing an isothermal process, the relation between pressure and volume is

11 / 50

11. The notation differs from and because

a) and are state variables, while is not

b) is a state-function change

c) depends on path, while and are state changes

d) is measured in , while and are measured in

12 / 50

12. A gas in a container has molecules moving randomly at high speeds, yet a pressure gauge attached to the container shows one steady reading. This situation illustrates that

a) pressure is not a thermodynamic variable

b) random molecular motion prevents any thermodynamic description

c) temperature can be measured only for a single molecule

d) random molecular motion can give steady pressure

13 / 50

13. A proposed formula sheet says: “Use for every process where , including free expansion.” The best correction is:

a) the relation needs a reversible adiabatic path

b) the relation is an isothermal formula

c) free expansion gives maximum quasistatic work output

d) makes pressure and volume constant

14 / 50

14. A gas pushes a piston at a constant pressure of . Its volume increases from to . What is the work done by the gas?

15 / 50

15. Use the graph description below.

A - graph shows two expansion paths from the same initial volume to the same final volume. Path P lies above Path Q at every intermediate volume.

For the same volume limits, the work done by the gas is

a) zero along both paths because only volume changes

b) greater along Path P because the area under the curve is larger

c) equal along both paths because endpoints are the same

d) greater along Path Q because lower pressure always means more work

16 / 50

16. For a reversible adiabatic process of an ideal gas, a useful temperature-volume relation is

17 / 50

17. Read the situation below and answer the question.

A cyclic device absorbs of heat from a hot reservoir and rejects of heat to a cold reservoir in each cycle. The working substance returns to its initial state after every cycle.

The work delivered per cycle is

18 / 50

18. A gas is taken around a cycle and the net work done by the gas is . What does the sign show?

a) The cycle absorbs no heat and rejects no heat.

b) The process cannot be cyclic.

c) Net work is done on the gas during the cycle.

d) The internal energy decreases by after one cycle.

19 / 50

19. Study the table and identify the row that correctly describes a complete cycle.

Row	State after one cycle		Relation between net heat and net work
P	Same as initial state
Q	Different from initial state		always
R	Same as initial state	Always positive	always
S	Same as initial state	Always negative

a) Row P

b) Row R

c) Row S

d) Row Q

20 / 50

20. In a temperature comparison, body P is in thermal equilibrium with a thermometer at . Body Q is also in thermal equilibrium with the same thermometer at . What can be concluded?

a) P and Q are in thermal equilibrium.

b) Heat must flow from Q to P.

c) P and Q have equal masses.

d) P has greater internal energy than Q.

21 / 50

21. A graph is described below.

For a fixed cold reservoir temperature , the coefficient of performance of a Carnot refrigerator is plotted against the hot reservoir temperature , with . The relation is .

As increases, the graph shows that

a) becomes equal to

b) decreases as increases

c) increases linearly

d) remains constant because is fixed

22 / 50

22. Assertion: For a gas, is usually greater than .
Reason: For gases, because constant-pressure heating includes expansion work.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

b) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

c) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

d) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

23 / 50

23. The first law of thermodynamics expresses

a) conservation of mass only in chemical reactions

b) conservation of energy applied to thermodynamic systems

c) complete conversion of heat into work in every cycle

d) equality of pressure and volume in every gas process

24 / 50

24. For a fixed amount of ideal gas, match the condition with the relation that follows from .

Condition	Relation
P. Constant	1.
Q. Constant	2.
R. Constant	3.
S. Constant and	4.

a) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4

b) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2

c) P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3

d) P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1

25 / 50

25. A fixed amount of ideal gas is taken from to along two different paths. The heat and work values differ on the two paths. The change in internal energy is

a) smaller for the path with smaller heat input

b) larger for the path with greater work

c) the same for both paths

d) zero because two paths are possible

26 / 50

26. A reversible refrigerator and a reversible heat engine are both operated between and . The refrigerator COP and engine efficiency are respectively

a) and

b) and

c) and

d) and

27 / 50

27. A proposed cyclic heat engine receives from a hot reservoir, rejects no heat, and delivers of work. The proposal

a) satisfies the second law because no heat is wasted

b) satisfies the first law but violates Kelvin-Planck

c) is possible if the process is made faster

d) violates the first law because

28 / 50

28. Study the table and choose the row that correctly describes a heat engine.

Row	Heat from hot reservoir	Heat to cold reservoir	Work output
P
Q			always possible in a cycle
R
S

a) Row S

b) Row R

c) Row P

d) Row Q

29 / 50

29. A ideal gas with is taken from to at constant pressure and then cooled at constant volume back to . Taking , the net heat supplied in the two steps is

30 / 50

30. An ideal gas has and . A sample is heated at constant volume by . The heat supplied is closest to

31 / 50

31. A constant-volume heating process supplies to of an ideal gas and raises its temperature by . The value of is

32 / 50

32. A fixed amount of ideal gas undergoes an isobaric expansion at . Its volume changes from to . If , what heat is supplied to the gas?

33 / 50

33. Assertion: The area under a quasistatic - curve gives the work done by the gas.
Reason: For a small volume change in such a process, , and summing these small contributions gives .

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

c) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

d) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

34 / 50

34. In a bicycle pump, the air inside often becomes warmer when it is compressed rapidly. A thermodynamic explanation is that

a) compression stops molecular motion in the air

b) heat leaves the air and lowers its internal energy

c) pressure rise alone accounts for the warming

d) work done on the air raises its internal energy

35 / 50

35. A closed - loop has enclosed area and is traversed clockwise. If the gas completes one cycle, the net heat absorbed by the gas is

36 / 50

36. Work in thermodynamics is most directly associated with energy transfer caused by

a) microscopic random motion with no boundary effect

b) equality of temperatures between two bodies only

c) macroscopic force and boundary displacement

d) chemical composition remaining unchanged

37 / 50

37. A Carnot engine operates between and . A Carnot refrigerator operates between the same two reservoirs. The refrigerator COP and engine efficiency are respectively

a) and

b) and

c) and

d) and

38 / 50

38. A gas initially has a pressure difference between two regions inside the same container. After some time, the pressure becomes uniform and there is no bulk motion. This change mainly shows approach toward

a) mechanical equilibrium

b) zero internal energy

c) chemical equilibrium only

d) lower amount of substance

39 / 50

39. A final error-check table for thermodynamics gives four claims. Which claim is correct?

Row	Claim
P	In a complete cycle, , but and may be non-zero.
Q	In every adiabatic process, .
R	In every isothermal ideal-gas process, .
S	In every heat engine, .

a) Row S

b) Row Q

c) Row P

d) Row R

40 / 50

40. Assertion: A refrigerator does not violate the Clausius statement of the second law.
Reason: It transfers heat from a cold space to a warmer region only when external work is supplied.

a) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

c) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

41 / 50

41. A gas follows two reversible expansion paths from the same initial state to the same final volume: one is isothermal and the other is adiabatic. The work done is larger for the isothermal path because

a) adiabatic expansion absorbs more heat

b) isothermal expansion always has constant pressure throughout

c) adiabatic expansion follows the isothermal curve

d) the isothermal curve lies above the adiabatic curve

42 / 50

42. A table compares two ideal-gas processes. Identify the row that is fully consistent.

Row	Process	Ideal-gas energy result
P	Isothermal
Q	Adiabatic
R	Isothermal
S	Adiabatic	always as the defining condition

a) Row Q

b) Row R

c) Row P

d) Row S

43 / 50

43. The coefficient of performance of a refrigerator is defined as

44 / 50

44. A formula-domain table is being checked. Identify the row that states the condition correctly.

Row	Formula	Required condition
P		Fixed ideal gas, isothermal quasistatic process
Q		Any expansion of any gas
R		Temperatures may be used directly in
S		Every curved - process with changing pressure

a) Row Q

b) Row R

c) Row S

d) Row P

45 / 50

45. A graph is described below.

The horizontal axis represents time . The vertical axis represents the readings of two thermometers placed in two bodies kept in thermal contact. One curve decreases, the other increases, and the two curves finally meet at a common steady value.

What does the common steady value represent?

a) equal mass of the two bodies

b) equal volume of both bodies

c) thermal equilibrium temperature

d) zero internal energy of both bodies

46 / 50

46. A heat engine operating between and rejects of heat per cycle. If it were Carnot, the heat absorbed would be

47 / 50

47. A reversible engine and a real engine operate between and . The reversible engine absorbs per cycle. A real engine absorbs the same heat and rejects . The correct comparison is

a) the real engine violates the first law

b) both engines have the same efficiency

c) the real engine is less efficient than the reversible engine

d) the real engine is more efficient than the reversible engine

48 / 50

48. A reversible heat pump works between a cold outside region at and a warm room at . If it consumes of work, the heat delivered to the room is

49 / 50

49. A cup of tea and the surrounding air are at the same temperature. Which statement follows most directly?

a) Heat must flow from the air to the tea continuously.

b) The tea and air must have the same mass.

c) No net heat flows due to temperature difference.

d) The tea and air must have equal internal energy.

50 / 50

50. Use the graph description below.

At , the pressure inside a gas vessel is non-uniform. A graph of pressure at two fixed points inside the gas versus time shows two different curves that gradually become equal and then remain constant.

The final equal constant pressure most directly indicates

a) mechanical equilibrium between the regions

b) chemical reaction has become faster

c) internal energy has become zero

d) the gas has changed into an isolated system

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Thermodynamics Mock Test – Class 11 Physics

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