Class 11 Physics — Chapter 12: Thermodynamics Online Test

1. The relation is called:

2. Maxwell’s relation expresses relationship between:

3. The entropy change of surroundings during a reversible adiabatic process is:

4. Why can no real engine achieve Carnot efficiency?

5. A heat engine absorbs 2000 J of heat at 500 K and rejects 1500 J at 300 K. Does it violate the Second Law?

6. If a refrigerator has a COP of 4, what does it mean?

7. The Brayton cycle is used in:

8. The constant in Van der Waals equation accounts for:

9. A 100 g piece of steam at is passed into 500 g of water at . Find the final temperature when equilibrium is reached. (Latent heat of vaporization = , ).

10. A heat engine absorbs from a source at and rejects to the sink. Find its efficiency.

11. A system absorbs of heat and performs of work. Which statement is correct?

12. Which law of thermodynamics introduces the concept of temperature?

13. Which law of thermodynamics sets the ultimate limit for the efficiency of heat engines?

14. Why is the Zeroth Law significant in thermodynamics?

15. Convert into Kelvin.

16. A system does of work on surroundings and its internal energy decreases by . How much heat was supplied?

17. If a system absorbs of heat and its internal energy increases by , how much work has the system done?

18. Two bodies with masses and , specific heats and , and initial temperatures and , are brought in thermal contact. The final equilibrium temperature is given by:

19. A resistance thermometer works on the principle that:

20. Two objects with heat capacities and are at 500 K and 300 K respectively. What is the final equilibrium temperature?

1. The general expression for entropy change in an ideal gas in terms of and is:

2. Entropy change of the universe in an irreversible process is:

3. Which type of system exchanges both energy and matter with surroundings?

4. On the Celsius scale, what are the two fixed reference points traditionally used for calibration?

5. In thermodynamic modeling, why are intensive properties (P, T, density) more useful than extensive properties?

6. Why is thermodynamic modeling essential in chemical engineering?

7. The Carnot efficiency depends on:

8. Which of the following is an intensive property among state variables?

9. Work in thermodynamics is defined as:

10. The maximum efficiency of a heat engine operating between and is:

11. Two objects in thermal contact are said to be in equilibrium when:

12. Calculate the pressure of 1 mole of gas at 300 K in 10 L using Van der Waals equation, given , , .

13. In refrigeration systems, the throttling process (expansion valve) is considered irreversible because:

14. The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics allows us to define:

15. In which medical application does thermodynamics play a role?

16. Which of the following is correct for an isothermal process involving an ideal gas?

17. An ideal gas expands adiabatically from to . (). Find final pressure .

18. Convert normal human body temperature into Celsius.

19. The efficiency of car engines is limited due to:

20. Which statement correctly describes the Fahrenheit scale?

21. Which process appears as a vertical line on a TS diagram?

22. The First Law of Thermodynamics is essentially a statement of:

23. Why is the First Law not sufficient to determine the direction of a process?

24. Which quantity remains constant in an isothermal process?

25. Which of the following best describes a refrigerator in thermodynamic terms?

26. Entropy change of the universe in a reversible process is:

27. The entropy change when 2 kg of ice at 0 °C melts to water at 0 °C is (latent heat of fusion ).

28. Why are fixed points like the freezing and boiling points of water important in thermometer calibration?

29. Maxwell’s relation expresses relationship between:

30. The specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as:

1. In the equation , what does the term represent?

2. Which statement is correct regarding COP of real systems?

3. In a steam engine, the boiler acts as:

4. One mole of an ideal gas at 300 K is heated at constant pressure until its volume doubles. Find the entropy change. ()

5. Which statement correctly describes the Fahrenheit scale?

6. Why are Maxwell’s relations and property relationships important in practice?

7. Which of the following fields heavily applies thermodynamic principles?

8. Which of the following represents work transfer in thermodynamics?

9. The relation connects:

10. In Boltzmann’s entropy formula, represents:

11. A heat pump delivers of heat to a room while consuming of work. What is the COP of the heat pump?

12. A Carnot refrigerator works between 250 K and 300 K. Find its maximum COP.

13. Why are fixed points like the freezing and boiling points of water important in thermometer calibration?

14. The molar heat capacity at constant volume is related to specific heat by:

15. Why is the Carnot engine considered an "ideal engine"?

16. If the number of microstates of a system doubles, the entropy change is:

17. A 2 kg block of copper (specific heat capacity ) at 500 K is placed in contact with a 1 kg block of aluminum (specific heat capacity ) at 300 K, in an insulated system. Find the final equilibrium temperature.

18. When an ice cube is placed in a glass of water, the system reaches thermal equilibrium when:

19. A 0.1 kg piece of iron at is placed in 0.2 kg water at . If and , the final equilibrium temperature is:

20. For an irreversible adiabatic process, entropy change of the system is:

21. Which of the following is the best example of the Zeroth Law in action?

22. A 250 g aluminum block is heated to and then placed in 500 g of water at . If the final temperature is , calculate the specific heat of aluminum. (Specific heat of water = ).

23. A 2 mole ideal gas is heated at constant volume from 300 K to 400 K. Find the heat supplied. (For a monoatomic gas, , ).

24. A gas undergoes an isothermal expansion from 2 L to 8 L at 300 K. Calculate the heat absorbed if 1 mole of the gas is used. (Take ).

25. A steam turbine receives 4000 kJ of heat at 600 K and rejects 2500 kJ to a sink at 300 K. Determine the entropy change of the universe.

26. A steam turbine in a thermal power plant produces 2000 kJ of work while receiving 5000 kJ of heat from the boiler. Calculate its efficiency.

27. In thermodynamic modeling, why are intensive properties (P, T, density) more useful than extensive properties?

28. Which Maxwell relation helps in calculating change in entropy with respect to volume?

29. For an ideal gas, the ratio of specific heats is defined as:

30. A Carnot refrigerator working between 270 K and 300 K extracts 540 J of heat from the cold reservoir. Find the work input required.

31. Which thermodynamic cycle is the basis of most steam power plants?

32. In power plants, thermodynamics is mainly used to:

33. The function of the compressor in a refrigerator is:

34. An isothermal process on a TS diagram appears as:

35. Maxwell’s relation derived from Helmholtz free energy is:

36. The Carnot engine is based on the principle of:

37. In an adiabatic process for an ideal gas, the relation between pressure and volume is:

38. One mole of a monoatomic ideal gas has . What is ?

39. A gas expands from 1 L to 3 L against a constant external pressure of . Calculate the work done by the gas. (Take ).

40. A refrigerator absorbs 600 J of heat from the cold space and rejects 800 J to the surroundings. Find its COP.

41. Which property equalizes when two systems are in thermal equilibrium according to the Zeroth Law?

42. Which type of system exchanges both energy and matter with surroundings?

43. The entropy change when 2 kg of ice at 0 °C melts to water at 0 °C is (latent heat of fusion ).

44. Entropy is related to probability as:

45. In a reversible isothermal compression of an ideal gas from 4 L to 2 L at 300 K with 1 mole, calculate entropy change.

46. Which of the following engines is used in nuclear power plants for converting steam energy into electricity?

47. A Carnot heat pump operates between 280 K (inside) and 320 K (outside). If it consumes 1000 J of work, find the heat delivered to the room.

48. Which of the following quantities is a state function?

49. In an internal combustion engine, the hot source is:

50. Which cycle is commonly used in steam power plants as a practical alternative to Carnot?