Body Fluids and Circulation Mock Test – Class 11 Biology

1. Consider the following statements about substances carried in plasma.
I. Ions such as , , , and occur in plasma.
II. Glucose, amino acids and lipids may be present as substances in transit.
III. Every substance transported by plasma is a formed element.
IV. Plasma carries materials in addition to water and proteins.

2. An unknown formed element is nucleated, lacks haemoglobin, has no conspicuous cytoplasmic granules, forms approximately of leucocytes and phagocytoses foreign organisms. Which nested relationship identifies it?

3. At the beginning of ventricular diastole, arterial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure, while ventricular pressure is still greater than atrial pressure. The expected valve state is:

4. A heart completes . The approximate duration of one cycle is:

5. Study the three transport models.

Which interpretation is biologically sound?

6. A graph plots coronary blood flow on the vertical axis against increasing exercise workload on the horizontal axis. Curve P rises with workload. Curve Q rises initially but reaches an early plateau because of coronary narrowing. A separate line showing myocardial oxygen demand continues to rise. At high workload, demand exceeds Curve Q but not Curve P. Which interpretation is most appropriate?

7. Blood initially contains and . A treatment removes of erythrocytes but of platelets. Which result and interpretation are correct?

8. Three patients show different cardiac conditions.

Which classification is correct?

9. Four valve records are shown.

The anatomically accurate record is:

10. Consider the following statements about the ventricular conducting pathway.
I. The AV bundle arises from the atrioventricular node.
II. It divides into right and left bundle branches.
III. Purkinje fibres spread through ventricular musculature.
IV. Purkinje fibres normally initiate the highest number of impulses in the heart.

11. Arrange the following electrical and mechanical events in their normal order.
P. Atrial systole adds to ventricular filling.
Q. The SAN initiates an impulse.
R. Ventricular depolarisation produces the QRS complex.
S. Excitation reaches the AVN and enters the AV bundle.
T. Ventricular pressure closes the atrioventricular valves.
U. Excitation spreads through atrial musculature and produces the P wave.

12. A formed element is present at approximately , contains haemoglobin, has a biconcave form and lacks a nucleus in most mammals. It is identified as:

13. Four cardiac regions are arranged from top to bottom. Regions P and Q are smaller chambers that receive blood. Regions R and S are larger chambers that pump blood into arteries. Which relationship is accurate?

14. A blood sample contains plasma and formed elements. If water constitutes of the plasma, which pair gives the approximate plasma-water volume and formed-element volume respectively?

15. Consider the following statements about stroke volume.
I. It is the volume ejected by each ventricle during one cardiac cycle.
II. Its approximate resting value is .
III. The two ventricles normally eject equal volumes over time.
IV. It is calculated by multiplying heart rate by cardiac output.

16. Suppose a transport fluid continues to supply oxygen and nutrients normally, but its ability to carry metabolic wastes away from tissues is lost. The earliest general consequence would be:

17. Repeated ECG cycles show normal P waves, but the expected QRS complexes do not follow them. Under the supplied pattern, the most justified prediction is:

18. In a model heart, the interatrial and interventricular septa are intact. The fibrous partition between the atria and ventricles is present, but both normal same-side atrioventricular openings are experimentally sealed. The expected result is:

19. A blockage severely reduces blood flow through both pulmonary arteries, while the pulmonary veins and left side of the heart remain structurally normal. The earliest major effect is:

20. Which relationship among plasma, tissue fluid and lymph is biologically accurate?

21. Capillary walls in a tissue become temporarily impermeable to water and small dissolved substances, while the lymphatic vessels remain patent and continue carrying previously collected lymph. Which paired outcome is most likely at first?

22. The aortic semilunar valve closes incompletely when the left ventricle relaxes. The expected immediate effect is:

23. A circulatory system can constrict selected vessels supplying one organ while maintaining flow through vessels supplying another organ. This regional control is most effectively supported by:

24. Three preparations receive the same vessel-injury signal. Preparation P contains platelet-rich plasma with normal clotting factors and . Preparation Q contains serum reconstituted with washed platelets to the same count as P and added . Preparation R contains platelet-rich plasma with normal clotting factors but no . Only P forms an effective fibrin clot. Which conclusion best explains the pattern?

25. Equal blood samples are exposed to the same inflammatory stimulus. In sample P, basophils respond normally. In sample Q, basophil number is normal, but the cells cannot release their stored substances. Which observation is most likely in sample Q?

26. Platelet activation, thrombokinase production and thrombin formation are normal, but plasma fibrinogen is severely reduced. The most likely clotting defect is:

27. Smooth muscle and elastic fibres are selectively destroyed in the tunica media of a large artery, while its tunica intima and tunica externa remain intact. Which effect is most directly expected?

28. A person shows a marked reduction in an agranulocyte population that normally forms about of WBCs. Monocyte-mediated phagocytosis remains near normal, but immune responses involving B and T forms are weakened. The depleted cells are:

29. A person has normal pulmonary ventilation, but the right ventricle ejects only half the normal volume while the left ventricle initially continues ejecting its usual volume. Which consequence is most likely if the imbalance persists?

30. In an experimental blood sample, plasma clotting factors that normally circulate in inactive forms are maintained continuously in their active forms even without vessel injury. Platelet number, fibrinogen concentration and remain normal. Which outcome is most likely?

31. Three fluid compartments are compared.

After capillary injury, abundant erythrocytes appear in Compartment Q while the locations of all three compartments remain unchanged. Which conclusion is best supported?

32. From the lumen outward, a vessel wall contains Layer P, a thin endothelial lining; Layer Q, a thick region of smooth muscle and elastic tissue; and Layer R, an outer fibrous covering. The vessel is most likely:

33. Assertion: The human heart is derived from ectoderm.
Reason: It lies in the thoracic cavity between the lungs and is slightly tilted toward the left.

34. Monocytes are selectively reduced, while neutrophil number and activity remain within their usual ranges. The most defensible prediction is:

35. Tracer P is introduced into the right ventricle, and Tracer Q is introduced into the left ventricle at the same moment. P first appears in lung capillaries, while Q first appears in capillaries of systemic organs. The observations support the conclusion that:

36. Complete the biologically meaningful relation: the thrombokinase complex promotes conversion of ______, producing the active enzyme that subsequently acts on fibrinogen.

37. A patient has a normal repeating P–QRS–T pattern, and ventricular pressure rises normally after each QRS complex. During ventricular systole, however, blood is recorded moving from the left ventricle back into the left atrium. Which interpretation best integrates the findings?

38. Match each vessel-wall component with its most appropriate description. A Column II entry is used once.

39. Assertion: A person with group AB blood can receive erythrocytes from all four ABO groups in the ABO compatibility table.
Reason: Group AB plasma lacks natural anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

40. A widespread lymphatic obstruction affects both tissue lymphatics and intestinal lacteals, while blood capillaries remain structurally normal. Which combined effect is most likely?

41. An ECG records QRS complexes in . If each complex corresponds to one ventricular beat and stroke volume is , which pair gives cardiac output and the volume pumped by each ventricle in ?

42. A patient has breathlessness associated with fluid congestion in the lungs. Cardiac recordings show that the heart is still beating, but its minute output is insufficient to meet body needs. No evidence shows sudden cessation of heartbeat. The most appropriate diagnosis is:

43. The right and left atrioventricular septal regions remain intact, but the left atrioventricular opening is completely sealed while the right opening remains functional. Which immediate effect is most likely?

44. Two closed pathways are described. Pathway P carries blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side. Pathway Q carries blood from the left side to body tissues and back to the right side. The arrangement demonstrates complete double circulation since:

45. Assertion: Tunica media is generally thinner in veins than in arteries.
Reason: Arteries receive blood pumped away from the heart under greater pressure and require more muscular and elastic support.

46. Blood samples are taken from four sites in a healthy person.

Which conclusion is best supported by the complete pattern?

47. A graph plots the degree of intracardiac mixing on the vertical axis and the completeness of ventricular separation on the horizontal axis. Point P represents a heart with one common ventricle, while Point Q represents a heart with two fully separated ventricles. Which trend is expected from P to Q?

48. Heart rate rises from to , while impulse conduction, valve function and the normal order of cardiac-cycle events remain intact. Which prediction is most accurate?

49. Consider the following statements about leucocytes.
I. They generally lack haemoglobin.
II. They are colourless and nucleated.
III. Every leucocyte is a granulocyte.
IV. Their approximate total count is .

50. Each ventricle pumps , and stroke volume is . The heart rate is: