Neural Control and Coordination Mock Test – Class 11 Biology

1. A treatment selectively damages myelin in the inner cerebral tracts but initially leaves most neuronal cell bodies of the outer cortex intact. The most appropriate prediction is:

2. The records relate ion concentration to membrane charge.

Which interpretations are consistent?

3. The brain stem contains the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata, whereas the hindbrain contains the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. How many structures are shared by the two groups, and how many distinct named structures occur in their combined set?

4. In a forebrain model, P is an inner cerebral region, Q is the amygdala, R is the hippocampus and S is the hypothalamus at the base of the thalamus. Which relation correctly integrates the labelled structures?

5. The table records features of four junctions.

Which interpretations are supported?

6. During an interval, neuronal sodium-potassium pumps transport a total of ions through complete standard cycles. Considering only pump-mediated transport, which report is correct?

7. A selective lesion destroys hypothalamic neurosecretory cells. Regulation of temperature, hunger and thirst remains nearly normal, and an approximately -hour rhythm is still detectable. The most direct expected defect is:

8. Consider the following statements about the cerebellum.
I. It is a component of the hindbrain.
II. Its surface is highly folded.
III. Its convolutions provide additional space for numerous neurons.
IV. Its principal structural feature is a canal called the cerebral aqueduct.

9. An experiment records cerebellar activity while an animal maintains balance. In Trial P, information from the semicircular canals and auditory system reaches the cerebellum normally. In Trial Q, both inputs are interrupted while the motor pathways to the muscles remain intact. Which result is most strongly supported?

10. Two fibre bundles connect an organ with the central neural system. Stimulation of the organ produces impulses in bundle P travelling towards the CNS. Direct stimulation within the CNS produces impulses in bundle Q travelling towards the organ. The observations support the conclusion that:

11. A simplified neural pathway contains central box P, which includes the brain and spinal cord. Fibre Q enters P from a peripheral receptor, while fibre R leaves P and ends on a skeletal muscle. Which classification uses division, direction and target correctly?

12. The amygdala remains structurally intact after an injury, but communication among the hippocampus, inner cerebral limbic regions and hypothalamus is disrupted. Emotional expression and motivation become poorly coordinated. The strongest inference is:

13. A peripheral stimulus reaches the CNS and is processed normally. The CNS then sends output through pathway X to a skeletal muscle and pathway Y to smooth muscle of an involuntary organ. After Y is interrupted, the skeletal response remains normal but the smooth-muscle response is lost. The damaged component is:

14. A target muscle receives a rapid signal through a specified nerve, while a hormone released during the same physiological response contributes to a broader adjustment in several target tissues. The observations indicate that:

15. Junction P is electrical, while Junction Q is chemical. A treatment blocks specific receptors on the post-synaptic side of Q but does not alter direct current flow, axonal conduction, vesicle fusion or transmitter release. After stimulation:

16. In a sagittal brain arrangement, region P is a deep forebrain structure surrounded by the cerebrum. Region Q lies between the forebrain and pons, contains the cerebral aqueduct and receives visual, tactile and auditory inputs. Their functional assignments are:

17. Select the symbolic description that consistently represents a resting polarised axonal membrane.

18. A motor command is recorded normally in the spinal cord, but a nerve severed outside the CNS prevents the command from reaching a limb skeletal muscle. The brain, spinal cord and muscle remain functional. The damaged pathway is best classified as:

19. A change causes dendrites to conduct signals away from the cell body while the axon conducts signals towards it. The most direct consequence would be:

20. In a sagittal brain section, a narrow canal passes through region P. P lies between the forebrain and the pons. The canal is identified as:

21. All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord are functionally disconnected in an experimental preparation. The brain and spinal cord remain viable, and direct stimulation within the CNS still produces local neural activity. Peripheral receptors cannot send information centrally, and peripheral muscles receive no centrally generated commands. The most accurate conclusion is:

22. Vesicle fusion is blocked at a chemical synapse. A terminal action potential still occurs, but the receiving neuron shows no post-synaptic potential. When the normal neurotransmitter is applied directly into the synaptic cleft, the post-synaptic response reappears. The experiment most strongly indicates that:

23. A retinal neuron has one dendrite and one axon arising from its cell body. The axon later divides into terminal branches, each ending in synaptic knobs. The neuron remains:

24. Cells at the base of the thalamus generate neuronal electrical activity and also produce hormones. A learner classifies them as ordinary endocrine cells and concludes that hormone production removes their neural identity. The most accurate correction is:

25. Two experimental neural models contain equal numbers of neurons. In Model P, the neurons form a diffuse network without a brain or ganglia. In Model Q, many neurons are concentrated into a brain and ganglia connected by neural tissues. The same stimulus produces widespread network activity in P but an organised response through defined centres in Q. The strongest inference is:

26. Evaluate the following statements about the functions of the brain.
I. It participates in control of voluntary movement and maintenance of balance.
II. It regulates vital involuntary and homeostatic functions.
III. It contributes to approximately -hour rhythms and influences several endocrine glands.
IV. Its activity is restricted to movement and excludes memory, emotion and thought.

27. A neuron has regions P, Q, R and S. P is the nucleated cell body, Q consists of short branched dendrites, R is the long axon shaft and S contains terminal synaptic knobs. Dye X binds Nissl’s granules, while Dye Y binds neurotransmitter-filled vesicles. The expected staining pattern is:

28. Following a widespread central injury, a person can contract individual muscles when they are directly stimulated, but cannot organise a purposeful sequence of movement and repeatedly loses balance. The findings most strongly support failure of:

29. The hypothalamic centres controlling temperature, hunger and neurosecretion remain intact, but communication between limbic structures and the hypothalamus is selectively interrupted. The most likely outcome is:

30. At one instant, four successive axonal regions show the following states: P is repolarising through efflux, Q is fully depolarised, R is beginning influx, and S remains at resting polarity. Which direction of impulse propagation is consistent with this pattern?

31. The cranium, dura mater and arachnoid remain intact, but the innermost meninx is selectively separated from the brain surface. Which anatomical relation has been directly disrupted?

32. A person detects light and sound and can carry out an instructed hand movement, but has difficulty combining the two kinds of sensory information with new memories to communicate a meaningful response. The pattern most strongly suggests impairment of:

33. A disturbance produces four findings: impaired interpretation of combined sensory information, disrupted sensory-motor coordination, unstable hunger and thirst, and altered emotional motivation. The most accurate conclusion is that:

34. Three models contain identical soft brain-like material and receive the same moderate impact. Their protective coverings and measured tissue deformation are shown below.

Which conclusion stays within the evidence?

35. A canal is identified within a brain region lying between the forebrain and the pons. The canal is experimentally blocked, but the observations provide no information about fluid movement or pressure. Which conclusion remains fully supported?

36. Assertion: Damage to the medulla can disturb respiration, cardiovascular reflexes or gastric secretions.
Reason: The medulla contains centres involved in regulating all three categories of function.

37. A non-myelinated axon is enclosed by a Schwann cell but has no myelin sheath or nodes of Ranvier. A short membrane region in its middle is made incapable of depolarisation, while regions on both sides remain structurally intact. Stimulation at one end is expected to:

38. At rest, a neuronal membrane is experimentally altered so that it becomes equally permeable to and . The original ion concentrations, intracellular proteins and sodium-potassium pumping are initially unchanged. Which conclusion is most justified?

39. Use the arrangement described below. From the cranium inward, three meninges surround a folded outer cerebral layer P and an inner tract-rich region Q. Deeper region R is surrounded by the cerebrum, region S lies at the base of R, and region T lies between the forebrain and the pons and contains a canal. The correct identification is:

40. The observations below were recorded at four stages around a period of exercise.

Which inference uses the complete pattern rather than a single table entry?

41. Consider the following statements about the major divisions of the human neural system.
I. The central neural system contains the brain and spinal cord.
II. The peripheral neural system consists of nerves associated with the brain and spinal cord.
III. Afferent and efferent fibres are the two structural components of the central neural system.
IV. Information processing and control are major roles of the central neural system.

42. Evaluate the following statements about the cerebral cortex.
I. It forms the outer cellular covering of each cerebral hemisphere.
II. Its surface shows prominent folds.
III. Its concentration of neuronal cell bodies contributes to its grey appearance.
IV. It consists mainly of inner myelinated tracts that produce white matter.

43. Match each functional group with the activity most directly included in it. A Column II entry is used once.

44. Match each forebrain structure with the relation that best identifies it. A Column II entry is used once.

45. A peripheral stimulus reaches the central neural system and is processed normally, but the resulting command cannot reach a skeletal muscle. The interrupted pathway is most specifically:

46. A lesion damages one structure that belongs to both the brain stem and the hindbrain. Communication among several brain regions becomes less efficient, while the cerebellar surface and balance-related integration remain initially intact. The damaged structure is most likely the:

47. Two neurons have intact terminal vesicles and receive the same proximal stimulus. Neuron P has been demyelinated, while Neuron Q retains myelin but has blocked post-synaptic receptors. In P, proximal stimulation produces a weak terminal response, but direct stimulation of its terminal causes normal transmitter release and a normal response in the next cell. In Q, transmitter release occurs after either stimulation method, but the next cell does not respond normally. The results indicate that:

48. In a sagittal arrangement, structure P lies below the pons and continues into structure Q. P contains centres controlling several vital involuntary functions, while Q carries neural pathways through the vertebral column. P and Q are respectively:

49. A sodium-potassium pump completes standard cycles. Considering only the positive ions transported by the pump, which report is accurate?

50. A widespread brain disturbance alters neural regulation of the kidneys. The available observations do not identify a precise damaged nucleus or subdivision, and temperature, breathing and movement have not yet been tested. Which conclusion is best supported?