Locomotion and Movement Mock Test – Class 11 Biology

1. Assertion: Finding a mammal with a cervical-vertebra count different from would not invalidate the statement that almost all mammals possess cervical vertebrae.
Reason: The expression “almost all” describes a widespread biological pattern while allowing rare exceptions.

2. In an experiment, fluorescent marks are placed at both ends of selected thin and thick filaments. During contraction, the length of each marked filament remains constant, but the distance between the sarcomere boundaries decreases. Which inference is best supported?

3. A muscle sample gives the following test results.

Which property is selectively impaired?

4. Consider the following structures.
I. Skull
II. Vertebral column
III. Ribs and sternum
IV. Pectoral and pelvic girdles
Which belong to the axial skeleton?

5. An injury damages a rigid skeletal enclosure around a delicate organ, but muscle attachment sites and limb joints remain functional. Which skeletal function is most directly compromised?

6. A skeletal-muscle sample is traced from the complete organ to one repeating contractile unit. Which sequence follows the correct structural hierarchy?

7. An artificial skeletal framework supports body weight and encloses vulnerable organs but lacks surfaces to which muscles can attach. Which skeletal function is impaired most directly?

8. A learner calls the neuromuscular junction a movable joint between a neuron and a bone. Which correction is accurate?

9. A normal muscle and a treated muscle receive identical adequate stimuli. Both show an immediate response to stimulation, but only the normal muscle develops tension. The treated muscle most likely retains:

10. Normal muscle fibres and their motor neurons are tested in two preparations. Direct electrical stimulation of the muscle produces contraction in both, but stimulation through the motor neuron repeatedly fails in Preparation Q because an autoimmune process disrupts junctional transmission. Which inference is best supported?

11. After a period of walking, motor-neuron stimulation stops but cannot be pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Bones, joints and muscle attachments remain normal. Which consequence most directly interferes with coordinated relaxation?

12. Humans possess pairs of ribs, and every rib has articulation surfaces at its dorsal end. Which combined conclusion is correct?

13. A skeletal-muscle strip produces a normal electrical response when stimulated, can be stretched without damage and returns to its original length after the stretching force is removed. However, it develops no measurable tension. Which property is selectively impaired?

14. During repeated activity, Fibre P maintains mainly aerobic energy production and accumulates relatively little lactic acid. Fibre Q shows greater anaerobic glycogen breakdown and a larger lactic-acid increase. Which feature set most appropriately identifies Fibre Q?

15. Myosin heads have completed their power strokes and remain attached to actin. Fresh binds normally and causes detachment, but hydrolysis of the newly bound nucleotide is then prevented. What follows?

16. One occipital condyle fails to develop, while the atlas remains present and normally positioned. What is the most direct structural consequence?

17. Two adjacent skeletal elements have no functional joint between them, although a muscle remains attached and contracts normally. Which outcome is most likely?

18. Arrange the events initiating excitation of a skeletal muscle fibre.
P. Acetylcholine is released from the motor-neuron ending.
Q. An action potential is generated in the sarcolemma.
R. A neural signal reaches the motor-neuron ending.
S. Acetylcholine acts at the neuromuscular junction.

19. A person develops rapid involuntary spasms of skeletal muscles after the concentration of in body fluids falls markedly. This condition is:

20. Consider the following statements.
I. Every locomotory activity is a form of movement.
II. Every movement necessarily changes the location of the whole organism.
III. Internal transport of material may occur without locomotion.
IV. A postural adjustment may be a movement without being locomotion.

21. A cross-section of skeletal muscle shows Structure P as a collagenous covering holding several bundles together. Structure Q is one such bundle, and Structure R is an elongated cell within Q. The labels represent:

22. A resting sarcomere is compared with the same sarcomere after contraction. The distance between two marked points on one thin filament is unchanged, and the distance between two marked points on one thick filament is also unchanged. However, the overlap between the two filament types has increased. This observation supports:

23. Two flat cranial bones are united by a dense band of connective tissue. No normal movement occurs at the contact. This joint is best identified as:

24. Equal amounts of isolated myosin head, short-arm-only and LMM-tail preparations are supplied with under identical conditions. Only the head preparation hydrolyses . The strongest conclusion is:

25. After an actin-binding site is exposed, which sequence correctly orders the mechanical events?
P. The thin filament moves toward the centre of the A band.
Q. An energised myosin head attaches to actin.
R. The cross bridge rotates.
S. A cross bridge is formed.

26. Which sequence correctly links sarcolemmal excitation with exposure of actin sites:
P. binds to troponin.
Q. Myosin-binding sites on actin become exposed.
R. The action potential spreads through the muscle fibre.
S. is released into the sarcoplasm.

27. Assertion: Skeletal-muscle contraction can shorten a sarcomere without shortening actin or myosin filaments.
Reason: Thin filaments slide over thick filaments and increase their overlap during contraction.

28. Two muscle samples show the following features.

The observations most strongly support which conclusion?

29. Three joints have the following structural features.

How should P, Q and R be classified?

30. Damage to motor neuron P produces the observations shown below.

Which set most likely belongs to the motor unit of neuron P?

31. Assertion: A decrease in estrogen can increase fracture risk in osteoporosis.
Reason: Decreased estrogen is a common cause of reduced bone mass in this disorder.

32. Consider the following statements about cardiac muscle.
I. It is striated.
II. Its cells are branching.
III. Its activity is generally voluntary.
IV. It forms the muscular tissue of the heart.

33. Match each pelvic structure with its defining relation. A Column II entry is used once.

34. An upper-limb inventory records the humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals and phalanges but lists no carpals. It reports a total of bones. What is the strongest audit conclusion?

35. A joint contains a fluid-filled cavity and retains its normal articulating surfaces. The attached muscle produces normal action potentials and sarcomere shortening, but uric-acid crystals accumulate in the joint and produce inflammation and painful restriction. Which statement best identifies the limiting factor?

36. A patient can move an intact limb forward, backward, sideways and through rotational movements at one joint. Imaging shows a rounded limb-bone head fitting into a girdle cavity. Which subtype is most consistent with these findings?

37. Let be the total number of appendicular bones, the number in one limb, the total pectoral-girdle bones and the total pelvic-girdle bones. Given

with , and , which solution is valid?

38. The acetabulum on one coxal bone is severely damaged, but the femoral head, pubic symphysis and opposite coxal bone remain intact. What is the most direct consequence?

39. Microscopy reveals a continuous elongated muscle fibre containing several nuclei. A learner concludes that each nucleus belongs to a separate fibre. The most accurate correction is:

40. In an experimental skull model, the dense fibrous tissue of one suture is selectively cut while the adjoining flat bones remain intact. The bones separate more readily at that site. Which conclusion is best supported?

41. A learner classifies the I band and A band as regions, the Z line and M line as fibrous landmarks, and the sarcomere as a contractile unit. Which relationship is valid?

42. Four skeletal specimens show the following skull-base arrangements.

Which specimen displays the normal dicondylic human arrangement?

43. Evaluate the following statements about a thick filament.
I. It is assembled from many meromyosin molecules.
II. The globular head and short arm form HMM.
III. The meromyosin tail forms LMM.
IV. LMM contains the active ase and actin-binding sites.

44. A muscle preparation releases acetylcholine normally and generates a sarcolemmal action potential, but the sarcoplasmic reticulum fails to release , so contraction does not occur. Directly raising sarcoplasmic then restores actin-site exposure and contraction. Which conclusion is best supported?

45. Consider the following activities.
I. Opening and closing of the jaws
II. Movement of the tongue
III. Movement of the limbs
IV. Removal of dust by tracheal epithelial cells
Which activities depend principally on muscular movement?

46. Two muscle preparations have equally exposed actin sites and normal quantities of myosin. Preparation P has active myosin-head ase, while Preparation Q contains an inhibitor that prevents the heads from hydrolysing . Cross-bridge formation is greatly reduced in Q. The strongest inference is:

47. Assertion: Binding of a fresh molecule to the myosin head can break an actin-myosin cross bridge.
Reason: causes detachment by binding to troponin and masking the actin sites.

48. Three tissue records are shown below.

Which assessment is correct?

49. Evaluate the following statements about flagellar movement.
I. A sperm flagellum contributes to locomotion of the sperm cell.
II. Flagellar activity can support locomotion of Euglena.
III. Flagellar beating in sponge canals can contribute to water-current generation.
IV. Flagellar movement always produces locomotion of the entire organism bearing the cells.

50. Moving from the complete thick filament toward its most localised functional sites, arrange the following levels.
P. Globular myosin head
Q. Meromyosin molecule
R. Thick filament
S. HMM region
T. - and actin-binding sites