Class 11 Physics: Thermodynamics Mock Test

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Quiz: Thermodynamics – Certificate Challenge
Total questions: 500
Questions to attempt: 100 random
Time allotted: 100 minutes
Certificate pass score: 70%
Random questions: Yes
Certificate: Yes
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Thermodynamics – Progressive Test

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1 / 50

1. The product uses pressure in and volume change in . Its unit reduces to ______.

2 / 50

2. A proposed engine between and has efficiency . The proposal is best judged as

a) impossible because the Carnot efficiency is

b) possible because

c) possible only if it rejects no heat

d) impossible because all engines between finite reservoirs have zero efficiency

3 / 50

3. A derivation note is shown below.

For moles of an ideal gas heated at constant pressure, . The internal-energy change is . The work done is .

Using the first law , the note leads to

4 / 50

4. Use the graph description below.

For a fixed amount of ideal gas, a graph of internal energy on the vertical axis against absolute temperature on the horizontal axis is shown as a rising straight line.

The graph mainly represents that

a) internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on volume

b) pressure must remain constant for all changes in

c) internal energy increases with temperature

d) heat supplied is a state variable

5 / 50

5. A ideal gas expands isothermally at from volume to . Taking and , the work done by the gas is closest to

6 / 50

6. A pressure cooker is being discussed as a thermodynamic example. The steam inside it is most naturally described using quantities such as

a) pressure , volume , and temperature

b) pressure , charge , and current

c) volume , focal length , and refractive index

d) temperature , magnetic field , and current

7 / 50

7. For a reversible refrigerator, reducing the temperature gap while keeping the cold reservoir temperature nearly fixed makes the coefficient of performance

a) increase

b) remain unchanged

c) become equal to heat-engine efficiency

d) decrease to zero

8 / 50

8. A gas expands quasistatically at a constant pressure from to . The work done by the gas is

9 / 50

9. Read the situation below.

A gas enclosed in a cylinder is placed on a heater. The piston moves outward slowly while the gas expands against the outside pressure.

The most suitable description of the energy transfers is:

a) internal energy becomes zero during expansion

b) heat is blocked and no boundary work occurs

c) heat leaves the gas and work is done on it

d) heat enters the gas and the gas does work

10 / 50

10. For isothermal expansion of a fixed amount of ideal gas from to , the work done by the gas is

c) for every isothermal curve

11 / 50

11. A sample of a substance requires of heat for a temperature rise of . Its molar heat capacity is

12 / 50

12. In a Carnot engine, heat is absorbed from the hot reservoir during

a) adiabatic expansion

b) isothermal compression at

c) isothermal expansion at

d) adiabatic compression

13 / 50

13. A reversible adiabatic compression of an ideal gas changes its volume from to . If , the pressure ratio is

14 / 50

14. Read the situation below.

A gas is kept in a container with conducting walls. The gas and surrounding water bath are initially at different temperatures. After some time, the gas and water bath reach the same temperature.

During the approach to equilibrium, the heat transfer depends directly on

a) mass difference between gas and water bath

b) temperature difference between gas and bath

c) pressure difference between gas and water bath

d) volume difference between gas and water bath

15 / 50

15. A laboratory note says: “System X is in thermal equilibrium with thermometer T. System Y gives the same steady reading on thermometer T.” The safest conclusion is

a) X and Y have the same pressure

b) X and Y must be the same material

c) X and Y are at the same temperature

d) X and Y contain the same number of moles

16 / 50

16. A gas expands at constant pressure from to . During the process, its internal energy increases by . The heat supplied is

17 / 50

17. A heat engine has efficiency and rejects to the sink in each cycle. The heat absorbed from the source is

18 / 50

18. Work in thermodynamics is most directly associated with energy transfer caused by

a) equality of temperatures between two bodies only

b) macroscopic force and boundary displacement

c) chemical composition remaining unchanged

d) microscopic random motion with no boundary effect

19 / 50

19. A closed - loop has an enclosed area of and is traversed anticlockwise. Over one complete cycle, the net heat supplied to the gas is

20 / 50

20. Three systems P, Q, and R are considered. P is in thermal equilibrium with Q, and Q is in thermal equilibrium with R. According to the zeroth law,

a) P and R must have equal volumes

b) P and R must have the same internal energy

c) P and R must be in thermal equilibrium

d) P and R must exchange matter

21 / 50

21. A process takes a gas from state I to state II. The work done is different for two paths, but is the same. This happens because

a) internal energy depends on the path alone

b) work is path-dependent; internal energy is state-dependent

c) work and internal energy are both path-dependent

d) work is a state function and internal energy is path-dependent

22 / 50

22. The same rectangular - loop is traversed once clockwise and once anticlockwise. The magnitude of enclosed area is . The net work done by the gas in the anticlockwise cycle is

23 / 50

23. A reversible engine absorbs heat from and rejects to . If is doubled while is unchanged, the rejected fraction

a) remains unchanged

b) doubles

c) becomes half

d) becomes zero

24 / 50

24. Assertion: A refrigerator does not violate the Clausius statement of the second law.
Reason: It transfers heat from a cold space to a warmer region only when external work is supplied.

a) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

c) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

25 / 50

25. Mayer’s relation for an ideal gas is

26 / 50

26. A graph is described below.

For a fixed cold reservoir temperature , the coefficient of performance of a Carnot refrigerator is plotted against the hot reservoir temperature , with . The relation is .

As increases, the graph shows that

a) decreases as increases

b) increases linearly

c) becomes equal to

d) remains constant because is fixed

27 / 50

27. A reversible engine and a real engine operate between and . The reversible engine absorbs per cycle. A real engine absorbs the same heat and rejects . The correct comparison is

a) both engines have the same efficiency

b) the real engine violates the first law

c) the real engine is less efficient than the reversible engine

d) the real engine is more efficient than the reversible engine

28 / 50

28. For a complete thermodynamic cycle, the change in internal energy is

a) positive because the system moves through many states

b) equal to the maximum pressure in the cycle

c) zero because internal energy is a state function

d) negative because some heat is always lost

29 / 50

29. A fixed amount of ideal gas goes from state P to state Q through two different paths. In both cases, the initial and final temperatures are and . What can be said about ?

a) is smaller for the path with less heat transfer.

b) is larger for the longer path.

c) is the same for both paths.

d) is zero because two paths are used.

30 / 50

30. Study the table and identify the row that best represents complete thermodynamic equilibrium.

Row	Temperature condition	Mechanical condition	Chemical condition
P	No temperature gradient	No unbalanced pressure	No ongoing macroscopic chemical change
Q	Temperature gradient present	No unbalanced pressure	No chemical change
R	No temperature gradient	Piston accelerating	No chemical change
S	No temperature gradient	No unbalanced pressure	Reaction proceeding visibly

a) Row P

b) Row R

c) Row S

d) Row Q

31 / 50

31. Study the table and identify the row that gives a correctly matched process type.

Row	Process description	Classification
P	Slow frictionless compression through near-equilibrium states	Reversible idealization
Q	Free expansion into vacuum	Reversible idealization
R	Heat flow through a large finite temperature difference	Perfectly reversible
S	Turbulent mixing of two gases	Exactly retraceable by infinitesimal change

a) Row P

b) Row R

c) Row Q

d) Row S

32 / 50

32. A fixed ideal gas has the same initial and final temperatures in two processes. Process P is isothermal expansion. Process Q is free expansion in an insulated rigid container. The correct comparison is

a) only free expansion has both and

b) both must have the same - path area

c) both must follow

d) both have because

33 / 50

33. A claim says, “For a Carnot engine, efficiency depends on the working substance.” The best correction is:

a) Carnot efficiency depends only on reservoir temperatures.

b) Carnot efficiency depends only on the mass of the working substance.

c) Carnot efficiency is fixed by the working gas alone.

d) Carnot efficiency is controlled by the volume range only.

34 / 50

34. A heat engine absorbs from a source at , rejects to a sink at , and delivers the remaining energy as work. The correct judgement is

a) it is impossible because every engine between these reservoirs must have exactly efficiency

b) it satisfies the first law and does not exceed the Carnot limit

c) it violates the Carnot limit only

d) it violates the first law only

35 / 50

35. A gas has . Using , the value of for an ideal gas is

36 / 50

36. A Carnot engine works between and . If it absorbs per cycle from the hot reservoir, its work output per cycle is

37 / 50

37. A Carnot refrigerator operates between a cold reservoir at and a hot reservoir at , where . Its coefficient of performance is

38 / 50

38. A reversible process is not merely a slow process; it must also avoid effects such as

a) pressure balance at each intermediate stage

b) well-defined equilibrium states during the path

c) friction and finite-temperature heat transfer

d) infinitesimal changes in external conditions

39 / 50

39. Use the arrangement described below: a gas is inside a cylinder with a movable, frictionless piston. The cylinder wall is conducting, and the piston can move outward when the gas is heated. If the gas alone is the system, what can cross or act through the boundary?

a) Matter must leave the gas whenever the piston moves outward

b) Heat and work may cross, but matter need not

c) Heat only; work transfer is impossible because the piston is outside the gas

d) Work only; heat transfer is impossible because the gas has a boundary

40 / 50

40. A real refrigerator has a lower coefficient of performance than a Carnot refrigerator working between the same two temperatures mainly because

a) real refrigerators must violate the first law

b) irreversibility lowers the real refrigerator COP

c) Carnot refrigerators have zero work input

d) COP is fixed by heat removed alone for every refrigerator

41 / 50

41. A fixed amount of ideal gas expands while its temperature remains . The change in its internal energy is

a) equal to boundary work in every expansion

b) zero because temperature is unchanged

c) positive because volume increases

d) negative because pressure falls

42 / 50

42. A thermodynamics solution uses with and , giving . The correct conclusion is

a) the method is wrong because Carnot temperatures must be converted to

b) the cold reservoir temperature must be written in joules

c) the formula applies only to refrigerators

d) the engine is truly efficient because is zero temperature

43 / 50

43. Match the symbols with their usual basic meanings in thermodynamics.

Symbol	Meaning
P.	1. Work transfer
Q.	2. Temperature or thermal state variable
R.	3. Heat transfer
S.	4. Change in internal energy

a) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2

b) P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4

c) P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1

d) P-1, Q-3, R-4, S-2

44 / 50

44. Consider the following statements about heat capacities.
I. is specific heat capacity.
II. is molar heat capacity.
III. The unit of is .

a) II and III only

b) I, II, and III

c) I and III only

d) I and II only

45 / 50

45. Assertion: For a gas, is usually greater than .
Reason: For gases, because constant-pressure heating includes expansion work.

a) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

c) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

d) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

46 / 50

46. A gas goes from state to state along Path 1 and then along Path 2 in a separate trial. The two paths have different areas under their - curves but the endpoints are the same. The quantity that must be the same in both trials is

a) internal-energy change

b) area under the path

c) work done by the gas

d) heat supplied to the gas

47 / 50

47. Assertion: The zeroth law supports the use of temperature as a measurable property.
Reason: It allows comparison of thermal equilibrium between different systems through a common third system.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

b) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

c) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

d) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

48 / 50

48. A - graph shows a gas expanding from to . The curve is above the volume axis throughout the process. The sign of is

a) negative, since

b) positive, since

c) undefined, since

d) zero, since

49 / 50

49. A gas sample is described in two records.
Record P: , , and .
Record Q: positions and speeds of all molecules at one instant.
For a thermodynamic description, the primary record is

a) neither record, because pressure and temperature are not physical quantities

b) both records equally, because macroscopic and microscopic descriptions are identical

c) Record Q, because thermodynamics requires every molecular speed

d) Record P, because it uses bulk variables of the gas

50 / 50

50. Use the graph description below.

A - graph shows two expansion curves starting from the same initial state of an ideal gas. One curve is isothermal and the other is reversible adiabatic. Both move toward larger volume.

At the same larger volume, the adiabatic curve lies

a) below the isothermal curve because the gas cools during adiabatic expansion

b) exactly on the isothermal curve because both are expansions

c) above the isothermal curve because temperature rises in adiabatic expansion

d) on a horizontal line because pressure is constant in adiabatic expansion

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Thermodynamics Mock Test – Class 11 Physics

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