Class 11 Physics: Thermodynamics Mock Test

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Quiz: Thermodynamics – Certificate Challenge
Total questions: 500
Questions to attempt: 100 random
Time allotted: 100 minutes
Certificate pass score: 70%
Random questions: Yes
Certificate: Yes
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Thermodynamics – Progressive Test

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1 / 50

1. Study the table and identify the row that correctly compares a Carnot engine and a Carnot refrigerator operating between the same and , where .

Row	Carnot engine	Carnot refrigerator
P
Q
R
S	always	always

a) Row S

b) Row P

c) Row Q

d) Row R

2 / 50

2. Study the table and identify the row that best represents complete thermodynamic equilibrium.

Row	Temperature condition	Mechanical condition	Chemical condition
P	No temperature gradient	No unbalanced pressure	No ongoing macroscopic chemical change
Q	Temperature gradient present	No unbalanced pressure	No chemical change
R	No temperature gradient	Piston accelerating	No chemical change
S	No temperature gradient	No unbalanced pressure	Reaction proceeding visibly

a) Row P

b) Row S

c) Row Q

d) Row R

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3. In two processes connecting the same states of a gas, Path 1 has and Path 2 has . If for the change, the heat supplied along Path 1 and Path 2 is respectively

a) and

b) and

c) and

d) and

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4. A heat engine has efficiency and rejects to the sink in each cycle. The heat absorbed from the source is

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5. A smooth - curve is normally drawn for a quasistatic process because

a) the system has defined , , and

b) the process has at every point

c) the gas has at every point

d) and are zero at every point

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6. A horizontal line on a - graph represents an isobaric process because

a) volume is constant while pressure changes

b) pressure is constant while volume changes

c) both pressure and volume are zero

d) temperature must remain fixed throughout

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7. Consider the following statements about free expansion of an ideal gas in an insulated rigid container.
I. The process is adiabatic because .
II. The work done against the surroundings is zero.
III. The process is reversible because .

a) I and III only

b) I, II, and III

c) II and III only

d) I and II only

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8. A gas undergoes a cyclic process when

a) its pressure remains constant throughout a single expansion

b) it returns to its initial thermodynamic state

c) heat transfer is impossible at every stage

d) its volume remains zero throughout the process

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9. A fixed amount of ideal gas goes from state P to state Q through two different paths. In both cases, the initial and final temperatures are and . What can be said about ?

a) is larger for the longer path.

b) is the same for both paths.

c) is smaller for the path with less heat transfer.

d) is zero because two paths are used.

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10. From the same initial state, a fixed ideal gas expands to twice its initial volume by two reversible paths: one is isothermal at , and the other is adiabatic with . If , , and , the difference is closest to

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11. A fixed amount of gas is enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a movable piston. For the gas as the system, the piston and outside air are part of the

a) surroundings

b) state variable

c) system

d) internal energy

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12. A reversible heat pump works between a cold outside region at and a warm room at . If it consumes of work, the heat delivered to the room is

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13. A claim says, “If heat is supplied to a gas, its internal energy must increase.” The best correction is:

a) Some supplied heat may appear as work.

b) Heat supplied fixes without process details.

c) Heat supplied is measured in , so it cannot enter the first law.

d) Heat supplied changes only the boundary work.

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14. A cyclic engine absorbs from a source and rejects to a sink, where and are positive magnitudes. The work output is

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15. A gas has . Using , the value of for an ideal gas is

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16. A fixed ideal gas is compressed isothermally from to at temperature . The work done by the gas is

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17. A table lists quantities associated with a gas. Identify the row in which both entries are state variables.

Row	First quantity	Second quantity
P
Q
R	Heat transferred	Temperature
S	Work done	Path area on - graph

a) Row P

b) Row Q

c) Row R

d) Row S

18 / 50

18. Match each description with the suitable viewpoint or concept.

Description	Suitable match
P. Describes gas by , , , and	1. Microscopic viewpoint
Q. Tracks molecular speeds and collisions	2. Macroscopic viewpoint
R. Total microscopic kinetic and potential energies	3. Internal energy
S. Energy crossing boundary due to temperature difference	4. Heat

a) P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4

b) P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4

c) P-4, Q-1, R-3, S-2

d) P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3

19 / 50

19. A formula-domain table is being checked. Identify the row that states the condition correctly.

Row	Formula	Required condition
P		Fixed ideal gas, isothermal quasistatic process
Q		Any expansion of any gas
R		Temperatures may be used directly in
S		Every curved - process with changing pressure

a) Row P

b) Row Q

c) Row S

d) Row R

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20. A working gas in a cycle absorbs on one part, rejects on another part, and has of work done on it during a compression step. The net work delivered by the gas over the whole cycle is

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21. A gas is cooled at constant volume, and of heat leaves the gas. Using , the work done by the gas and the change in internal energy are respectively

a) ,

b) ,

c) ,

d) ,

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22. A sample of a substance requires of heat for a temperature rise of . Its molar heat capacity is

23 / 50

23. A ideal gas at expands isothermally from to , then is compressed adiabatically back to volume . If , , and , the net work done by the gas over the two steps is closest to

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24. A refrigerator has coefficient of performance and rejects of heat to the room in each cycle. The heat removed from the cold chamber is

25 / 50

25. A heat engine absorbs from a hot reservoir and has efficiency . Its work output is used completely to operate a heat pump with COP . The heat delivered by the heat pump is

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26. A heat pump working reversibly between outside and inside has heat-pump coefficient of performance

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27. The same gas is compressed from volume to by two different paths on a - diagram. The final state is the same in both cases, but the areas under the curves differ. What can be concluded about work?

a) Work is path-dependent for compression.

b) Work is the same because the final volume is the same.

c) Work is a state variable like and .

d) Work is fixed by the final volume alone.

28 / 50

28. A thermodynamic table lists dimensions of several quantities. Which row is correct?

Row	Quantity	Dimension
P
Q
R
S

a) Row P

b) Row R

c) Row Q

d) Row S

29 / 50

29. The SI unit of the gas constant in is obtained as

30 / 50

30. A - cycle has three steps: from to , then to , then back to along a straight line. The net work done by the gas in the cycle is

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31. For a complete thermodynamic cycle, the change in internal energy is

a) zero because internal energy is a state function

b) negative because some heat is always lost

c) positive because the system moves through many states

d) equal to the maximum pressure in the cycle

32 / 50

32. A ideal gas is heated at constant pressure by . Take . The work done by the gas is

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33. A system absorbs of heat and later loses of heat in a separate cooling step. Taking heat supplied to the system as positive, what are the signs and values of in the two steps?

a) and

b) and

c) and

d) and

34 / 50

34. Consider the following statements about adiabatic and isothermal processes of an ideal gas.
I. In an adiabatic process, .
II. In an isothermal process, .
III. In an adiabatic expansion, the gas temperature must remain constant.

a) I and II only

b) I and III only

c) I, II, and III

d) II and III only

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35. A ideal gas with is compressed adiabatically from to . Taking , the work done on the gas is

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36. Internal energy of a gas refers mainly to

a) particle kinetic and potential energy

b) pressure-volume product only

c) energy transferred as work

d) energy crossing the system boundary as heat

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37. The notation differs from and because

a) and are state variables, while is not

b) depends on path, while and are state changes

c) is measured in , while and are measured in

d) is a state-function change

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38. In a constant-volume process for a gas, the work is zero because

a) throughout the process

b) throughout the process

c) in every constant-volume process

d) , so

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39. A gas does of work while its internal energy decreases by . The heat for the process is

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40. A sealed gas is taken from state P to state Q by two different processes. In one process, of heat enters the gas; in another, of heat enters it. What does this show about heat ?

a) is measured in kelvin during heating.

b) for every sealed gas process.

c) is path-dependent energy transfer.

d) is fixed by the final state alone.

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41. A - diagram shows a straight-line expansion from to . The work done by the gas is

42 / 50

42. Study the table and identify the row in which both classifications are correct.

Row	Extensive variable	Intensive variable
P
Q
R
S	Density	Mass

a) Row P

b) Row Q

c) Row S

d) Row R

43 / 50

43. Use the graph description below.

For a fixed -mole sample undergoing a specified process, a graph of heat supplied on the vertical axis against temperature rise on the horizontal axis is a straight line through the origin.

If the process has molar heat capacity , the slope of the graph is

44 / 50

44. A heat engine absorbs from a source at , rejects to a sink at , and delivers the remaining energy as work. The correct judgement is

a) it satisfies the first law and does not exceed the Carnot limit

b) it violates the first law only

c) it violates the Carnot limit only

d) it is impossible because every engine between these reservoirs must have exactly efficiency

45 / 50

45. A device transfers of heat from a colder body to a hotter body with no work input and no other change. This proposed process violates

a) the definition of absolute temperature

b) Mayer’s relation

c) the Clausius second-law statement

d) the equation

46 / 50

46. A pressure cooker is not an isolated system while being heated on a stove mainly because

a) energy crosses its boundary as heat

b) its boundary is perfectly insulated while heating

c) its boundary is imaginary while heating

d) its internal energy cannot change while heating

47 / 50

47. For an ideal gas heated at constant volume, the first law gives

a) with

c) for every temperature change

d) with

48 / 50

48. Use the arrangement described below: a gas in a cylinder is compressed once by a rough piston and once by a frictionless piston, both very slowly. The two paths have the same initial and final volumes.
The rough-piston process is less reversible mainly because

a) slow compression always removes all irreversibility

b) a piston-cylinder boundary cannot do work

c) friction prevents exact retracing

d) compression must always be a reversible process

49 / 50

49. A fixed amount of ideal gas is taken from state P to state Q along two different paths. Path 1 is isochoric heating followed by isobaric expansion. Path 2 is isothermal expansion followed by isochoric heating. If both paths end at the same final temperature, the quantity that must be identical for the two paths is

a) total heat supplied

b) area under the - curve

c) change in internal energy

d) total work done by the gas

50 / 50

50. A thermodynamic path is drawn as a vertical line upward on a - graph. For a fixed ideal gas, the process represented is

a) isothermal expansion with positive work

b) adiabatic expansion with no heat transfer

c) isobaric heating with positive work

d) isochoric heating with zero work

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Thermodynamics Mock Test – Class 11 Physics

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