Class 11 Physics: Thermodynamics Mock Test

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Quiz: Thermodynamics – Certificate Challenge
Total questions: 500
Questions to attempt: 100 random
Time allotted: 100 minutes
Certificate pass score: 70%
Random questions: Yes
Certificate: Yes
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Thermodynamics – Progressive Test

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1 / 50

1. An ideal gas has and . A sample is heated at constant volume by . The heat supplied is closest to

2 / 50

2. A quasistatic process is best described as a process that is

a) possible only when volume is constant

b) carried out so rapidly that pressure is never defined

c) carried out through near-equilibrium states

d) always completed with zero heat and zero work

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3. In a closed thermodynamic system,

a) no matter crosses, but energy may cross

b) neither energy nor matter can cross the boundary

c) only matter can cross the boundary, not energy

d) both matter and energy must always enter freely

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4. Assertion: Thermodynamics can describe an equilibrium gas sample without specifying the velocity of each molecule.
Reason: Macroscopic variables such as , , and can characterize the bulk state of the gas.

a) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

c) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

5 / 50

5. A gas is compressed by pushing the piston inward. Under the convention that means work done by the gas, is

a) positive because the external agent pushes

b) equal to heat supplied in every compression

c) negative because work is done on the gas

d) zero because pressure increases

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6. An extensive variable is a thermodynamic quantity that

a) is always measured in

b) can exist only for ideal gases

c) depends on the amount of matter present

d) remains unchanged when the system size is doubled

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7. The ratio of specific heats for a gas is defined as

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8. Consider the following statements about .
I. must be absolute temperature.
II. has unit .
III. The equation relates only path quantities.

a) I, II, and III

b) I and III only

c) I and II only

d) II and III only

9 / 50

9. A student compares two Carnot engines. Engine P works between and . Engine Q works between and . The correct comparison is

a) Neither can work because .

b) Engine Q is more efficient because its cold reservoir is colder.

c) Engine P is more efficient because its hot reservoir is hotter.

d) Both engines have the same efficiency.

10 / 50

10. In a - diagram, two curves pass through the same point for a fixed ideal gas: an isothermal curve and a reversible adiabatic curve. At that point, the adiabatic curve is steeper because

a) its adiabatic law has an exponent greater than one

b) adiabatic processes always keep volume constant

c) isothermal curves have no pressure change

d) pressure is zero all along the reversible adiabatic curve

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11. A clockwise loop on a - diagram usually represents

a) positive net work done by the gas

b) negative net work done by the gas

c) no heat exchange at any stage

d) zero net work for every possible loop

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12. A thermometer is placed in a cup of hot water and left there until its reading becomes steady. The steady reading is meaningful because the thermometer and water have reached

a) equal volumes

b) equal internal energies

c) thermal equilibrium

d) equal masses

13 / 50

13. Study the sign table and identify the row consistent with .

Row	Situation	Sign of	Sign of
P	Heat enters system and gas expands
Q	Heat leaves system and gas expands
R	Heat enters system and gas is compressed
S	Heat leaves system and gas is compressed

a) Row P

b) Row S

c) Row Q

d) Row R

14 / 50

14. Mayer’s relation for an ideal gas is

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15. A gas is compressed quasistatically from to , where . If pressure remains positive throughout, the work done by the gas is

a) positive, since only matters

b) negative, since

c) equal to only

d) zero, since

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16. A table lists quantities associated with a gas. Identify the row in which both entries are state variables.

Row	First quantity	Second quantity
P
Q
R	Heat transferred	Temperature
S	Work done	Path area on - graph

a) Row S

b) Row P

c) Row Q

d) Row R

17 / 50

17. A gas expands slowly against a movable piston. Under the usual school convention, the work done by the gas is

a) negative because the gas volume increases

b) positive during expansion of the gas

c) zero because the gas remains inside the cylinder

d) equal to temperature in

18 / 50

18. Assertion: For gases, is greater than .
Reason: At constant pressure, part of the supplied heat is used in expansion work, but at constant volume no pressure-volume work is done.

a) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

d) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

19 / 50

19. In a piston-cylinder system, the gas pressure is , and the piston moves outward so that the volume increases by at approximately constant pressure. The work done by the gas is

20 / 50

20. Heat in thermodynamics is best described as

a) energy stored permanently inside a body because it is hot

b) the total microscopic energy of all molecules in a system

c) energy transfer due to temperature difference

d) the same physical quantity as temperature

21 / 50

21. A record of a gas sample says: , , and . If the description is macroscopic, which additional detail is not necessary for that description?

a) instantaneous molecular velocities

b) instantaneous gas temperature

c) instantaneous pressure of the whole gas

d) instantaneous gas volume

22 / 50

22. A heat engine absorbs and has efficiency . The heat rejected to the cold reservoir is

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23. A ideal gas is compressed isothermally at from to . Take and . The heat supplied to the gas is closest to

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24. The table compares quantities for an ideal gas. Identify the row with the safest statement.

Row	Statement
P	for an ideal gas
Q	depends only on the heat supplied, never on the final state
R	only when volume is constant
S	is a path-dependent transfer like

a) Row R

b) Row Q

c) Row P

d) Row S

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25. A process takes a gas from state I to state II. The work done is different for two paths, but is the same. This happens because

a) work and internal energy are both path-dependent

b) internal energy depends on the path alone

c) work is path-dependent; internal energy is state-dependent

d) work is a state function and internal energy is path-dependent

26 / 50

26. A statement says, “The heat of a gas at a state is .” The main problem with this statement is that

a) heat is stored as absolute temperature

b) gases cannot exchange heat

c) heat is not a state property of a gas

d) heat cannot be measured in

27 / 50

27. A full formula check gives the following entries.

Entry	Statement
P	and depend on path, while depends only on end states.
Q	applies to any insulated expansion, reversible or not.
R	for a refrigerator.
S	can be calculated directly with Celsius temperatures.

The correct entry is

a) R

b) S

c) P

d) Q

28 / 50

28. Read the situation below and answer the question.

A learner uses four formulas in a solution: , , , and . The process is described only as a rapid free expansion of an ideal gas into vacuum inside an insulated vessel.

Which formula-use decision is safest for the free-expansion step itself?

a) Use because the gas is ideal

b) Use with the gas pressure at every instant

c) Use because the vessel is insulated

d) Use , external work , and for free expansion

29 / 50

29. Use the graph description below.

For a Carnot engine, efficiency is plotted against the hot reservoir temperature , while the cold reservoir temperature is fixed. The relation used is .

As increases, the graph

a) rises toward without reaching it

b) remains horizontal at zero

c) exceeds for finite

d) falls linearly toward zero efficiency

30 / 50

30. For an ideal gas, the usual starting relation among , , , , and is

31 / 50

31. A ideal gas first expands isothermally at from to , and then expands adiabatically from to . If , , and , the total work done by the gas is closest to

32 / 50

32. A - graph shows a gas expanding from to . The curve is above the volume axis throughout the process. The sign of is

a) zero, since

b) negative, since

c) undefined, since

d) positive, since

33 / 50

33. A metal block at is placed in contact with another block at . Before thermal equilibrium is reached, heat transfer is mainly from

a) the block to the block

b) the lighter block to the heavier block, regardless of temperature

c) the block to the block

d) the block with greater volume to the block with smaller volume

34 / 50

34. A gas is compressed while heat is supplied to it. Under the convention , the signs that must be used before numerical substitution are

a) ,

b) ,

c) ,

d) ,

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35. A fixed amount of ideal gas expands while its temperature remains . The change in its internal energy is

a) zero because temperature is unchanged

b) negative because pressure falls

c) equal to boundary work in every expansion

d) positive because volume increases

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36. A closed vessel contains a reacting gas mixture whose temperature and pressure are uniform, but the composition is still changing with time. The system is

a) in complete thermodynamic equilibrium

b) in thermal and mechanical equilibrium only

c) not a thermodynamic system because it is closed

d) in chemical equilibrium only

37 / 50

37. A ideal gas sample is at and occupies . Taking , what is its pressure?

38 / 50

38. For a fixed amount of ideal gas at constant volume, a graph of pressure on the vertical axis against absolute temperature on the horizontal axis is drawn. The slope of this graph is

39 / 50

39. In the symbol , the subscript indicates that the molar heat capacity is measured at

a) constant pressure

b) constant heat transfer

c) constant volume

d) constant internal energy

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40. Assertion: A Carnot engine cannot have efficiency if the cold reservoir has a finite positive temperature.
Reason: , so would require .

a) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

b) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

c) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

d) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

41 / 50

41. A gas is cooled at constant volume, and of heat leaves the gas. Using , the work done by the gas and the change in internal energy are respectively

a) ,

b) ,

c) ,

d) ,

42 / 50

42. A ideal gas is heated at constant pressure by . Take . The work done by the gas is

43 / 50

43. A process has and . Using , the change in internal energy is

44 / 50

44. For a reversible adiabatic process of an ideal gas, a useful temperature-volume relation is

45 / 50

45. A Carnot refrigerator works between and . Its coefficient of performance is

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46. A Carnot engine is required to have efficiency while operating with a hot reservoir at . The cold reservoir temperature must be

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47. A fixed ideal gas is taken through a process in which , , and for of gas. The temperature change is

48 / 50

48. A reversible adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas changes the pressure from to . If , the ratio of final to initial temperature is

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49. An ideal gas expands freely into vacuum in an insulated vessel, doubling its volume. It is then heated at constant volume from to . For of gas with , the total heat supplied in the two steps is

50 / 50

50. A Carnot cycle consists of which sequence of reversible processes?

a) two free expansions and two compressions against vacuum

b) two isothermal processes and two adiabatic processes

c) one isothermal process and three isobaric processes

d) four isochoric processes only

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Thermodynamics Mock Test – Class 11 Physics

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