Class 11 Physics: Thermodynamics Mock Test

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Quiz: Thermodynamics – Certificate Challenge
Total questions: 500
Questions to attempt: 100 random
Time allotted: 100 minutes
Certificate pass score: 70%
Random questions: Yes
Certificate: Yes
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Thermodynamics – Progressive Test

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1 / 50

1. Assertion: Internal energy is a state function.
Reason: The change in internal energy between two equilibrium states depends only on those states, not on the path joining them.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

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2. A row in the table below gives a valid zeroth-law chain. Identify it.

Row	Given condition	Valid conclusion
P	in thermal equilibrium with , with	in thermal equilibrium with
Q	in thermal equilibrium with , hotter than	colder than
R	has same mass as , with	in thermal equilibrium with
S	has same volume as , with	and have equal internal energy

a) Row R

b) Row S

c) Row P

d) Row Q

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3. A proposed cyclic heat engine receives from a hot reservoir, rejects no heat, and delivers of work. The proposal

a) violates the first law because

b) satisfies the second law because no heat is wasted

c) satisfies the first law but violates Kelvin-Planck

d) is possible if the process is made faster

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4. A claim says, “If the volume of an ideal gas changes, its internal energy must change.” The best response is:

a) The claim is true because heat and internal energy are identical.

b) The claim can fail because ideal-gas depends on .

c) The claim is always true because depends only on .

d) The claim is true only if no work is done.

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5. A Carnot refrigerator works between and . It removes of heat from the cold reservoir. The heat rejected to the hot reservoir is

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6. Use the arrangement described below: a cyclic device receives from a hot reservoir, rejects to a cold reservoir, and delivers work . The same device is then run in reverse.
When run in reverse ideally, the device acts as

a) a heat engine with greater than Carnot efficiency

b) a refrigerator or heat pump requiring work input

c) an isolated system with no heat exchange

d) an isochoric process with zero temperature change

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7. Two isothermal expansions of the same ideal gas start at the same temperature. In Case P, the volume changes from to . In Case Q, it changes from to . The ratio of works is

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8. A gas in a piston-cylinder arrangement is compressed very slowly, but heat is allowed to flow out through a finite temperature difference with the surroundings. The process is not fully reversible because

a) a piston-cylinder process cannot exchange heat

b) slow motion alone removes all irreversibility

c) compression always follows the isothermal relation

d) slow compression can still be irreversible

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9. A gas follows a two-step path on a - diagram. Step 1: it expands from to at . Step 2: it expands from to at . The total work done by the gas is

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10. A refrigerator removes of heat from its cold chamber in one cycle and requires of work input. Its coefficient of performance is

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11. A gas suddenly expands into a large evacuated chamber. During the rapid change, it is difficult to draw a regular - path for the gas mainly because

a) pressure stays uniform throughout the rapid expansion

b) the gas may not pass through equilibrium states

c) volume cannot change without a piston

d) temperature remains uniform throughout

12 / 50

12. Two descriptions of the same gas are given.
Description P: The gas has , , and .
Description Q: The gas contains molecules with a distribution of speeds and frequent collisions.
The best comparison is:

a) both P and Q are microscopic descriptions

b) P is microscopic and Q is macroscopic

c) P is macroscopic and Q is microscopic

d) both P and Q describe only chemical equilibrium

13 / 50

13. The quantity has no unit because

a) both and have the same unit

b) is measured in and is measured in

c) is actually a form of pressure

d) both and have different units

14 / 50

14. A heat engine absorbs of heat from a hot reservoir and rejects to a cold reservoir in one cycle. Its efficiency is

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15. A ideal gas sample is heated at constant volume. If and the temperature increases by , the heat supplied is

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16. Assertion: The zeroth law supports the use of temperature as a measurable property.
Reason: It allows comparison of thermal equilibrium between different systems through a common third system.

a) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

d) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

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17. The efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between hot reservoir temperature and cold reservoir temperature is

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18. A fixed ideal gas has the same initial and final temperatures in two processes. Process P is isothermal expansion. Process Q is free expansion in an insulated rigid container. The correct comparison is

a) both have because

b) both must have the same - path area

c) only free expansion has both and

d) both must follow

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19. A fixed ideal gas first expands isothermally from to at temperature , then is compressed isobarically back to volume . The statement that is certainly true is

a) the isobaric compression has positive work done by the gas

b) the isothermal step has zero internal-energy change

c) the gas must return to its initial temperature after the second step

d) the total work depends only on the volume ratio

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20. A gas goes from state to state along Path 1 and then along Path 2 in a separate trial. The two paths have different areas under their - curves but the endpoints are the same. The quantity that must be the same in both trials is

a) internal-energy change

b) area under the path

c) work done by the gas

d) heat supplied to the gas

21 / 50

21. Read the situation below and answer the question.

A ideal gas is heated at constant pressure from to . For the gas, and .

The work done by the gas and the heat supplied are respectively

a) and

b) and

c) and

d) and

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22. Use the graph description below.

A Carnot engine cycle is drawn on a - diagram. The upper curve is an isothermal expansion at , followed by an adiabatic expansion to a lower isotherm at . The lower curve is an isothermal compression at , followed by an adiabatic compression back to the start.

The net work output of the engine is represented by

a) the slope of the upper isotherm only

b) the area enclosed by the closed cycle

c) the final pressure multiplied by the final volume

d) the temperature difference alone

23 / 50

23. A full formula check gives the following entries.

Entry	Statement
P	and depend on path, while depends only on end states.
Q	applies to any insulated expansion, reversible or not.
R	for a refrigerator.
S	can be calculated directly with Celsius temperatures.

The correct entry is

a) S

b) Q

c) P

d) R

24 / 50

24. An ideal gas with , , and expands adiabatically from to . The work done by the gas is

25 / 50

25. Assertion: When a hot cup is placed in a cooler room, heat transfer is from the cup to the room.
Reason: Heat transfer across a boundary occurs due to temperature difference and naturally proceeds from higher temperature to lower temperature in ordinary thermal contact.

a) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

b) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

c) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

d) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

26 / 50

26. Use the arrangement described below: a gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a frictionless movable piston. In Case 1, the piston is moved outward very slowly by reducing the external pressure in tiny steps. In Case 2, the piston is suddenly released against a much lower external pressure. The better comparison is

a) Case 1 is closer to reversible behaviour, while Case 2 is more irreversible

b) both cases are equally reversible because the gas expands in both

c) Case 2 is closer to reversible behaviour, while Case 1 is more irreversible

d) neither case can involve work because the piston is frictionless

27 / 50

27. A process at constant volume is called

a) isobaric

b) isothermal

c) cyclic

d) isochoric

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28. A gas expands quasistatically at a constant pressure from to . The work done by the gas is

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29. A formula-domain table is being checked. Identify the row that states the condition correctly.

Row	Formula	Required condition
P		Fixed ideal gas, isothermal quasistatic process
Q		Any expansion of any gas
R		Temperatures may be used directly in
S		Every curved - process with changing pressure

a) Row Q

b) Row R

c) Row P

d) Row S

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30. Use the graph description below.

For a fixed amount of ideal gas, a graph of internal energy on the vertical axis against absolute temperature on the horizontal axis is shown as a rising straight line.

The graph mainly represents that

a) pressure must remain constant for all changes in

b) internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on volume

c) heat supplied is a state variable

d) internal energy increases with temperature

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31. In a Carnot engine, heat is absorbed from the hot reservoir during

a) adiabatic expansion

b) adiabatic compression

c) isothermal compression at

d) isothermal expansion at

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32. The work done by an ideal gas in an adiabatic process can be found from

d) for every adiabatic process

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33. Study the table and identify the row that best represents complete thermodynamic equilibrium.

Row	Temperature condition	Mechanical condition	Chemical condition
P	No temperature gradient	No unbalanced pressure	No ongoing macroscopic chemical change
Q	Temperature gradient present	No unbalanced pressure	No chemical change
R	No temperature gradient	Piston accelerating	No chemical change
S	No temperature gradient	No unbalanced pressure	Reaction proceeding visibly

a) Row R

b) Row S

c) Row P

d) Row Q

34 / 50

34. A Carnot refrigerator operates between and . If the same cold reservoir is maintained but the hot reservoir temperature is increased to , the coefficient of performance

a) becomes equal to Carnot engine efficiency

b) decreases because the temperature difference becomes larger

c) remains unchanged because the cold reservoir is unchanged

d) increases because the refrigerator rejects heat at a higher temperature

35 / 50

35. Study the table and identify the row that correctly separates internal energy from heat.

Row	Internal energy	Heat
P	State property of the system	Energy transfer due to temperature difference
Q	Energy crossing boundary due to temperature difference	State property stored as heat
R	Always zero for gases	Always equal to temperature
S	Path-dependent transfer	State variable like pressure

a) Row Q

b) Row P

c) Row R

d) Row S

36 / 50

36. Assertion: For a gas, is usually greater than .
Reason: For gases, because constant-pressure heating includes expansion work.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

b) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

c) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

d) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

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37. For a Carnot engine, the ratio of heat rejected to heat absorbed is related to reservoir temperatures by

38 / 50

38. Assertion: A Carnot engine cannot have efficiency if the cold reservoir has a finite positive temperature.
Reason: , so would require .

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

c) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

d) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

39 / 50

39. Under the convention , a gas expands and does of work while absorbing of heat. The change in internal energy is

40 / 50

40. A metal block has specific heat capacity . How much heat is needed to raise its temperature by ?

41 / 50

41. In a closed thermodynamic system,

a) both matter and energy must always enter freely

b) no matter crosses, but energy may cross

c) neither energy nor matter can cross the boundary

d) only matter can cross the boundary, not energy

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42. A - graph shows an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas from to . The curve is not horizontal; pressure decreases as volume increases. The area under this curve represents

a) zero because temperature is constant

d) exactly for every isothermal curve

43 / 50

43. A data record for a process says , , and for an ideal gas. The temperature change is

44 / 50

44. Heat in thermodynamics is best described as

a) the total microscopic energy of all molecules in a system

b) energy transfer due to temperature difference

c) the same physical quantity as temperature

d) energy stored permanently inside a body because it is hot

45 / 50

45. For an ideal gas, and . The value of inferred from Mayer’s relation is closest to

46 / 50

46. Assertion: A reversible thermodynamic process is an idealization.
Reason: Real processes usually involve effects such as friction, finite temperature difference, turbulence, or uncontrolled expansion.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

b) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

c) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

d) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

47 / 50

47. A refrigerator has and removes of heat from the cold chamber in each cycle. The work input required per cycle is

48 / 50

48. The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as

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49. The ratio of specific heats for a gas is defined as

50 / 50

50. Use the graph description below.

At , the pressure inside a gas vessel is non-uniform. A graph of pressure at two fixed points inside the gas versus time shows two different curves that gradually become equal and then remain constant.

The final equal constant pressure most directly indicates

a) internal energy has become zero

b) chemical reaction has become faster

c) the gas has changed into an isolated system

d) mechanical equilibrium between the regions

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Thermodynamics Mock Test – Class 11 Physics

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