Class 11 Physics: Thermodynamics Mock Test

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Quiz: Thermodynamics – Certificate Challenge
Total questions: 500
Questions to attempt: 100 random
Time allotted: 100 minutes
Certificate pass score: 70%
Random questions: Yes
Certificate: Yes
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Thermodynamics – Progressive Test

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1 / 50

1. The first-law sign convention used here writes . In this convention, means

a) total internal energy of the system

b) work done on the system only

c) heat supplied to the system

d) work done by the system

2 / 50

2. In a temperature comparison, body P is in thermal equilibrium with a thermometer at . Body Q is also in thermal equilibrium with the same thermometer at . What can be concluded?

a) Heat must flow from Q to P.

b) P and Q are in thermal equilibrium.

c) P has greater internal energy than Q.

d) P and Q have equal masses.

3 / 50

3. A refrigerator and a heat pump operate reversibly between the same two reservoirs and , where . If the refrigerator coefficient of performance is and heat-pump coefficient of performance is , then

b) always

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4. Match each description with the suitable viewpoint or concept.

Description	Suitable match
P. Describes gas by , , , and	1. Microscopic viewpoint
Q. Tracks molecular speeds and collisions	2. Macroscopic viewpoint
R. Total microscopic kinetic and potential energies	3. Internal energy
S. Energy crossing boundary due to temperature difference	4. Heat

a) P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4

b) P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3

c) P-4, Q-1, R-3, S-2

d) P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4

5 / 50

5. Use the graph description below.

For a fixed -mole sample undergoing a specified process, a graph of heat supplied on the vertical axis against temperature rise on the horizontal axis is a straight line through the origin.

If the process has molar heat capacity , the slope of the graph is

6 / 50

6. Assertion: For a gas, is usually greater than .
Reason: For gases, because constant-pressure heating includes expansion work.

a) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

b) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

c) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

d) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

7 / 50

7. A gas is compressed isobarically at pressure from to . The work done by the gas is

8 / 50

8. A student records the state of a fixed amount of gas as , , and . Which entry in the record is not a state variable for the gas state?

a) Heat supplied in a previous process

b) Volume of the gas state

c) Temperature of the final gas state

d) Pressure during the final gas state

9 / 50

9. A process takes a gas from state I to state II without any change in volume. What can be said about boundary work due to expansion or compression?

a) It is negative because the process occurs in a container.

b) It is positive because the gas has pressure.

c) It is equal to the temperature change in .

d) It is zero because .

10 / 50

10. A gas sample has , , and . Using , the number of moles is

11 / 50

11. Match the isothermal ideal-gas situation with the correct sign result.

Situation	Sign result
P. Expansion from to	1. ,
Q. Compression from to	2. ,
R. No volume change at same	3. ,
S. Any isothermal ideal-gas process	4.

a) P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3

b) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4

c) P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3

d) P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4

12 / 50

12. A gas undergoes a slow isothermal expansion while kept in contact with a large heat reservoir. The role of the reservoir is mainly to

a) supply heat while work is done isothermally

b) make the process adiabatic by blocking heat flow

c) prevent all work transfer through the piston

d) keep the gas volume fixed during expansion

13 / 50

13. A ideal gas at expands isothermally from to , then is compressed adiabatically back to volume . If , , and , the net work done by the gas over the two steps is closest to

14 / 50

14. A proposed shortcut says, “For any ideal-gas expansion, compare only the initial and final volumes to decide the work.” The best correction is:

a) Work can be found from alone for every expansion.

b) Work depends only on final temperature for every gas process.

c) Work depends only on final volume in expansion.

d) Work also depends on pressure along the path.

15 / 50

15. The Clausius statement of the second law says that

a) all heat engines can have efficiency

b) internal energy is not conserved in thermal processes

c) cold-to-hot flow occurs spontaneously in contact

d) cold-to-hot heat flow needs external work

16 / 50

16. A gas follows a two-step path on a - diagram. Step 1: it expands from to at . Step 2: it expands from to at . The total work done by the gas is

17 / 50

17. A process takes a gas from state I to state II. The work done is different for two paths, but is the same. This happens because

a) work is path-dependent; internal energy is state-dependent

b) work and internal energy are both path-dependent

c) work is a state function and internal energy is path-dependent

d) internal energy depends on the path alone

18 / 50

18. A refrigerator removes heat from a cold chamber and rejects to a hotter room. If the work input is doubled while the heat removed remains the same, its coefficient of performance

a) becomes half

b) doubles

c) becomes equal to heat-engine efficiency

d) remains unchanged

19 / 50

19. A Carnot refrigerator keeps a chamber at . When the surroundings are at , its COP is . When the surroundings rise to , its COP is . The ratio is

20 / 50

20. A gas goes from state to state . Along Path 1, and . Along Path 2, . Using , the heat along Path 2 is

21 / 50

21. A Carnot refrigerator operates between and . If the same cold reservoir is maintained but the hot reservoir temperature is increased to , the coefficient of performance

a) remains unchanged because the cold reservoir is unchanged

b) becomes equal to Carnot engine efficiency

c) decreases because the temperature difference becomes larger

d) increases because the refrigerator rejects heat at a higher temperature

22 / 50

22. A gas absorbs heat and its internal energy does not change. Under , what must be true?

a) The gas must have rejected the same amount of heat.

b) The gas does work equal to the heat absorbed.

c) The gas volume must remain unchanged.

d) The gas pressure must remain constant.

23 / 50

23. A gas is taken through the following two-step process: Step P is isochoric heating from to , and Step Q is isothermal expansion at . For the whole two-step process, the internal-energy change of the ideal gas is determined by

a) only Step P

b) only Step Q

c) the work done in Step Q only

d) the total heat supplied only, independent of work

24 / 50

24. A statement says, “The heat of a gas at a state is .” The main problem with this statement is that

a) gases cannot exchange heat

b) heat cannot be measured in

c) heat is not a state property of a gas

d) heat is stored as absolute temperature

25 / 50

25. A Carnot refrigerator operates between a cold reservoir at and a hot reservoir at , where . Its coefficient of performance is

26 / 50

26. The same gas is compressed from volume to by two different paths on a - diagram. The final state is the same in both cases, but the areas under the curves differ. What can be concluded about work?

a) Work is a state variable like and .

b) Work is fixed by the final volume alone.

c) Work is path-dependent for compression.

d) Work is the same because the final volume is the same.

27 / 50

27. A ideal gas with is taken from to at constant pressure and then cooled at constant volume back to . Taking , the net heat supplied in the two steps is

28 / 50

28. A statement claims: “A device that violates the Clausius statement can be used to make a device that violates the Kelvin-Planck statement.” This claim is best understood as

a) a statement that heat engines need no cold reservoir

b) it states equivalence of the two second-law forms

c) it proves that the first law is false

d) a statement that refrigerators require no work

29 / 50

29. Two paths connect the same states on a - graph. Path P lies above Path Q throughout the expansion from to . Compared with Path Q, Path P has

a) the same work because endpoints are the same

b) zero work because both are expansions

c) smaller work done by the gas

d) greater work done by the gas

30 / 50

30. The SI unit of the gas constant in is obtained as

31 / 50

31. A fixed ideal gas is taken around a cycle. During the cycle, it absorbs of heat in one part, rejects in another part, and rejects an additional during a third part. The net work done by the gas is

32 / 50

32. A proposed refrigerator removes from a cold chamber and rejects to a hotter room with no work input. The proposal is impossible mainly because

a) refrigerators cannot operate in cycles

b) cold-to-hot transfer without work

c) it would conserve energy too exactly

d) heat cannot be measured in

33 / 50

33. A ideal gas has . Its temperature rises from to . The change in internal energy is

34 / 50

34. A Carnot engine rejects of heat to a reservoir at . It operates with a hot reservoir at . The heat absorbed from the hot reservoir is

35 / 50

35. A block P and a block Q are in contact, but an insulating sheet is kept between them. Their temperatures are different. This arrangement is best described as

a) no effective thermal contact through the insulator

b) chemical equilibrium because no reaction occurs

c) thermal equilibrium because the blocks touch the same sheet

d) thermal contact because the temperatures are different

36 / 50

36. A gas expands quasistatically at pressure through a small volume change . The small work done by the gas is

37 / 50

37. A gas is compressed inside a thermally insulated cylinder. If of work is done on the gas, the change in internal energy is

38 / 50

38. In a constant-volume process for a gas, the work is zero because

a) in every constant-volume process

b) throughout the process

c) , so

d) throughout the process

39 / 50

39. A heat pump delivers of heat to a room while consuming of work. Its coefficient of performance is

40 / 50

40. A fixed amount of ideal gas undergoes an isobaric expansion at . Its volume changes from to . If , what heat is supplied to the gas?

41 / 50

41. Use the arrangement described below: a gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a frictionless movable piston. In Case 1, the piston is moved outward very slowly by reducing the external pressure in tiny steps. In Case 2, the piston is suddenly released against a much lower external pressure. The better comparison is

a) Case 1 is closer to reversible behaviour, while Case 2 is more irreversible

b) neither case can involve work because the piston is frictionless

c) both cases are equally reversible because the gas expands in both

d) Case 2 is closer to reversible behaviour, while Case 1 is more irreversible

42 / 50

42. A ideal gas is compressed isothermally at from to . Take and . The heat supplied to the gas is closest to

43 / 50

43. Assertion: A Carnot engine cannot have efficiency if the cold reservoir has a finite positive temperature.
Reason: , so would require .

a) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

b) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

c) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

d) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

44 / 50

44. The product uses pressure in and volume change in . Its unit reduces to ______.

45 / 50

45. Two isothermal expansions of the same ideal gas start at the same temperature. In Case P, the volume changes from to . In Case Q, it changes from to . The ratio of works is

46 / 50

46. Free expansion of an ideal gas into vacuum in an insulated container has which idealized energy result?

a) , , and

b) , , and

c) , , and

d) , , and

47 / 50

47. A fixed mass of gas has density , mass , and volume . Its density is written as . If the gas reaches the same final state through two paths, the final density is

a) the same for the same final state

b) different for every path

c) different because the path changes the volume

d) equal to heat supplied divided by work done

48 / 50

48. A reversible adiabatic compression of an ideal gas changes its volume from to . If , the pressure ratio is

49 / 50

49. Consider the following statements about thermodynamic equilibrium.
I. Thermal equilibrium requires no temperature gradient.
II. Mechanical equilibrium requires no unbalanced pressure difference causing macroscopic motion.
III. Complete thermodynamic equilibrium can exist even while the system is undergoing a visible chemical reaction.

a) II and III only

b) I, II, and III

c) I and III only

d) I and II only

50 / 50

50. A gas sample is described in two records.
Record P: , , and .
Record Q: positions and speeds of all molecules at one instant.
For a thermodynamic description, the primary record is

a) neither record, because pressure and temperature are not physical quantities

b) Record Q, because thermodynamics requires every molecular speed

c) Record P, because it uses bulk variables of the gas

d) both records equally, because macroscopic and microscopic descriptions are identical

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Thermodynamics Mock Test – Class 11 Physics

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