Class 11 Physics: Thermodynamics Mock Test

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Quiz: Thermodynamics – Certificate Challenge
Total questions: 500
Questions to attempt: 100 random
Time allotted: 100 minutes
Certificate pass score: 70%
Random questions: Yes
Certificate: Yes
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Thermodynamics – Progressive Test

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1 / 50

1. A claim says, “A refrigerator with coefficient of performance greater than violates energy conservation because it removes more heat than the work supplied.” The best correction is:

a) It violates energy conservation only if the refrigerator is reversible.

b) No; rejected heat equals heat removed plus work input.

c) It violates the second law because all refrigerators must have .

d) It is correct because must always be less than .

2 / 50

2. Assertion: For a gas, is usually greater than .
Reason: For gases, because constant-pressure heating includes expansion work.

a) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

c) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

d) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

3 / 50

3. A proposed shortcut says, “For any ideal-gas expansion, compare only the initial and final volumes to decide the work.” The best correction is:

a) Work depends only on final volume in expansion.

b) Work depends only on final temperature for every gas process.

c) Work can be found from alone for every expansion.

d) Work also depends on pressure along the path.

4 / 50

4. A final comparison table is checked for process conditions and energy results.

Row	Process	Condition
P	Isothermal ideal gas
Q	Adiabatic process
R	Isochoric process
S	Cyclic process	final state initial state

The accurate judgement is

a) only R and S are correct

b) P, Q, R, and S are correct

c) none of the rows is correct

d) only P and Q are correct

5 / 50

5. For isothermal expansion of a fixed amount of ideal gas from to , the work done by the gas is

d) for every isothermal curve

6 / 50

6. The SI unit of the gas constant in is obtained as

7 / 50

7. A proposed engine between and has efficiency . The proposal is best judged as

a) possible only if it rejects no heat

b) impossible because the Carnot efficiency is

c) impossible because all engines between finite reservoirs have zero efficiency

d) possible because

8 / 50

8. A graph is described below.

The horizontal axis represents time . The vertical axis represents the readings of two thermometers placed in two bodies kept in thermal contact. One curve decreases, the other increases, and the two curves finally meet at a common steady value.

What does the common steady value represent?

a) equal mass of the two bodies

b) zero internal energy of both bodies

c) equal volume of both bodies

d) thermal equilibrium temperature

9 / 50

9. A proposed cyclic heat engine receives from a hot reservoir, rejects no heat, and delivers of work. The proposal

a) satisfies the second law because no heat is wasted

b) satisfies the first law but violates Kelvin-Planck

c) violates the first law because

d) is possible if the process is made faster

10 / 50

10. A refrigerator extracts from a cold chamber and rejects to the surroundings in one cycle. The work input is

11 / 50

11. A Carnot engine and a Carnot refrigerator operate between the same reservoirs at and . The engine efficiency and refrigerator COP are respectively

a) and

b) and

c) and

d) and

12 / 50

12. A gas follows two reversible expansion paths from the same initial state to the same final volume: one is isothermal and the other is adiabatic. The work done is larger for the isothermal path because

a) the isothermal curve lies above the adiabatic curve

b) isothermal expansion always has constant pressure throughout

c) adiabatic expansion follows the isothermal curve

d) adiabatic expansion absorbs more heat

13 / 50

13. In an isobaric expansion, the rectangular area under the horizontal line on a - graph equals

14 / 50

14. Assertion: When a hot cup is placed in a cooler room, heat transfer is from the cup to the room.
Reason: Heat transfer across a boundary occurs due to temperature difference and naturally proceeds from higher temperature to lower temperature in ordinary thermal contact.

a) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

b) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

c) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

d) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

15 / 50

15. A triangular - cycle has vertices , , and . The cycle is traversed . The net heat supplied in one cycle is

16 / 50

16. A reversible adiabatic compression of an ideal gas changes its volume from to . If , the pressure ratio is

17 / 50

17. A gas is cooled at constant volume, and of heat leaves the gas. Using , the work done by the gas and the change in internal energy are respectively

a) ,

b) ,

c) ,

d) ,

18 / 50

18. A heat engine absorbs , rejects , and delivers work . A refrigerator removes heat from a cold chamber and needs work input . The row that gives dimensionless performance ratios is

a) ,

b) ,

c) ,

d) ,

19 / 50

19. A process record says: , , and the gas is ideal with . The temperature change of the gas is

20 / 50

20. Assertion: Internal energy is a state function.
Reason: The change in internal energy between two equilibrium states depends only on those states, not on the path joining them.

a) Assertion is false, but Reason is true

b) Assertion is true, but Reason is false

c) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason explains Assertion

d) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion

21 / 50

21. A ideal gas is compressed isothermally at from to . Take and . The heat supplied to the gas is closest to

22 / 50

22. A thermodynamic path is drawn as a vertical line upward on a - graph. For a fixed ideal gas, the process represented is

a) isothermal expansion with positive work

b) adiabatic expansion with no heat transfer

c) isochoric heating with zero work

d) isobaric heating with positive work

23 / 50

23. A gas absorbs of heat and does of work on the surroundings. Using , what is ?

24 / 50

24. Work in thermodynamics is most directly associated with energy transfer caused by

a) chemical composition remaining unchanged

b) macroscopic force and boundary displacement

c) equality of temperatures between two bodies only

d) microscopic random motion with no boundary effect

25 / 50

25. Two isothermal expansions of the same ideal gas start at the same temperature. In Case P, the volume changes from to . In Case Q, it changes from to . The ratio of works is

26 / 50

26. A gas sample is heated at constant pressure. If and , the heat supplied is

27 / 50

27. A cup of tea and the surrounding air are at the same temperature. Which statement follows most directly?

a) The tea and air must have equal internal energy.

b) No net heat flows due to temperature difference.

c) Heat must flow from the air to the tea continuously.

d) The tea and air must have the same mass.

28 / 50

28. A gas in a closed vessel is at rest as a whole, but its molecules are moving randomly. The energy connected with this random molecular motion contributes to

a) boundary work only

b) heat transfer only

c) volume of the vessel only

d) internal energy

29 / 50

29. Consider the following statements about an isothermal process of a fixed amount of ideal gas.
I. remains constant.
II. .
III. Heat exchange must be zero.

a) I and II only

b) I and III only

c) I, II, and III

d) II and III only

30 / 50

30. Use the graph description below.

A Carnot engine cycle is drawn on a - diagram. The upper curve is an isothermal expansion at , followed by an adiabatic expansion to a lower isotherm at . The lower curve is an isothermal compression at , followed by an adiabatic compression back to the start.

The net work output of the engine is represented by

a) the area enclosed by the closed cycle

b) the final pressure multiplied by the final volume

c) the temperature difference alone

d) the slope of the upper isotherm only

31 / 50

31. Study the table and identify the row that best represents complete thermodynamic equilibrium.

Row	Temperature condition	Mechanical condition	Chemical condition
P	No temperature gradient	No unbalanced pressure	No ongoing macroscopic chemical change
Q	Temperature gradient present	No unbalanced pressure	No chemical change
R	No temperature gradient	Piston accelerating	No chemical change
S	No temperature gradient	No unbalanced pressure	Reaction proceeding visibly

a) Row S

b) Row Q

c) Row P

d) Row R

32 / 50

32. During a reversible adiabatic compression, an ideal gas changes from to . If , the work done by the gas is

33 / 50

33. A sample is doubled by adding an identical sample at the same pressure and temperature. Which set shows the variables that double?

a) , , and

b) , , and density

c) and

d) and density

34 / 50

34. Heat , work , and internal energy share the feature that they are

a) energy quantities measured in

b) pressure quantities measured in

c) path-independent state variables

d) temperature quantities measured in

35 / 50

35. Study the table and select the row that matches the usual ideal-gas values.

Row	Gas type
P	Monatomic ideal gas
Q	Monatomic ideal gas
R	Diatomic ideal gas near room temperature
S	Diatomic ideal gas near room temperature

a) Row Q

b) Row P

c) Row R

d) Row S

36 / 50

36. A fixed amount of ideal gas is taken through a cycle consisting of an isobaric expansion, an isochoric cooling, and a return path. Over the complete cycle, the internal energy change is

a) zero because the final state is the initial state

b) equal to the work done during the isochoric step

c) positive if any heat enters during the cycle

d) equal to the heat absorbed during only the isobaric step

37 / 50

37. The zeroth law is placed before the first law in logical importance because it

a) states that for all gases under all conditions

b) makes temperature comparison meaningful

c) proves that every process is reversible

d) gives the formula for work done in expansion

38 / 50

38. Use the arrangement described below: a gas in a cylinder is compressed once by a rough piston and once by a frictionless piston, both very slowly. The two paths have the same initial and final volumes.
The rough-piston process is less reversible mainly because

a) slow compression always removes all irreversibility

b) compression must always be a reversible process

c) a piston-cylinder boundary cannot do work

d) friction prevents exact retracing

39 / 50

39. A gas is taken from state to state by two paths. Along Path P, and . Along Path Q, and . Using , what is the value of for the change from to ?

40 / 50

40. A note says, “Since , its value can be used without specifying the kind of gas or the model.” The best correction is:

a) is fixed by pressure alone for every gas.

b) has the same value for every gas model.

c) has unit , so it cannot be a ratio.

d) its value depends on the gas model used

41 / 50

41. Use the table below and select the row that correctly compares isothermal and adiabatic ideal-gas processes.

Row	Isothermal ideal gas	Adiabatic process
P	,	,
Q	,	,
R		always
S	Heat exchange impossible	Temperature cannot change

a) Row R

b) Row S

c) Row P

d) Row Q

42 / 50

42. For a fixed amount of ideal gas undergoing an isothermal process, the change in internal energy is zero because

a) no work can be done

b) the volume remains constant

c) temperature remains constant

d) the pressure remains constant

43 / 50

43. A heat pump delivers of heat to a room while consuming of work. Its coefficient of performance is

44 / 50

44. The statement “heat cannot flow from cold to hot” is incomplete because

a) the second law applies only to ideal gases

b) refrigerators do not involve heat transfer

c) cold-to-hot transfer can occur with work input

d) cold-to-hot flow occurs spontaneously in contact

45 / 50

45. A metal block at is placed in contact with another block at . Before thermal equilibrium is reached, heat transfer is mainly from

a) the block to the block

b) the block with greater volume to the block with smaller volume

c) the lighter block to the heavier block, regardless of temperature

d) the block to the block

46 / 50

46. Internal energy of a gas refers mainly to

a) particle kinetic and potential energy

b) energy transferred as work

c) energy crossing the system boundary as heat

d) pressure-volume product only

47 / 50

47. Friction makes a mechanical thermodynamic process irreversible because it

a) changes the unit of work from to

b) makes heat transfer impossible in all cases

c) dissipates mechanical energy as internal energy

d) keeps the system in exact equilibrium at every instant

48 / 50

48. A Carnot engine operates between and . A Carnot refrigerator operates between the same two reservoirs. The refrigerator COP and engine efficiency are respectively

a) and

b) and

c) and

d) and

49 / 50

49. The molar heat capacity at constant volume, , is defined by

50 / 50

50. A vertical line on a - graph represents an isochoric process because

a) work is maximum along a vertical line

b) volume remains constant while pressure changes

c) pressure remains constant while volume changes

d) both pressure and volume remain zero

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Thermodynamics Mock Test – Class 11 Physics

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