401. Vitamin \(C\) is also known as which compound?
ⓐ. Thiamine
ⓑ. Nicotinic acid
ⓒ. Ascorbic acid
ⓓ. Calciferol
Correct Answer: Ascorbic acid
Explanation: Vitamin \(C\) is commonly known as ascorbic acid. It belongs to the water-soluble vitamin group. It is especially associated with healthy connective tissue and wound healing. Thiamine is vitamin \(B_1\), nicotinic acid is associated with niacin, and calciferol is associated with vitamin \(D\).
402. Deficiency of vitamin \(C\) causes which disease?
ⓐ. Scurvy
ⓑ. Rickets
ⓒ. Beriberi
ⓓ. Night blindness
Correct Answer: Scurvy
Explanation: Vitamin \(C\) deficiency causes scurvy. Scurvy is associated with problems such as weak gums, poor wound healing, and connective tissue weakness . Vitamin \(C\) is water-soluble, so regular dietary intake is important. Rickets is linked with vitamin \(D\), beriberi with vitamin \(B_1\), and night blindness with vitamin \(A\).
403. Which statement correctly describes vitamin \(C\)?
ⓐ. It is a fat-soluble vitamin mainly stored like vitamin \(A\).
ⓑ. It is a peptide hormone that regulates blood glucose.
ⓒ. It is a structural polysaccharide in plant cell walls.
ⓓ. It is a water-soluble vitamin with reducing character.
Correct Answer: It is a water-soluble vitamin with reducing character.
Explanation: Vitamin \(C\), or ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin. It is also known for its reducing character. Its deficiency causes scurvy. It should not be confused with fat-soluble vitamins such as \(A\), \(D\), \(E\), and \(K\), or with polysaccharides and peptide hormones.
404. Which vitamin-deficiency pair is correctly matched for vitamin \(C\)?
ⓐ. Vitamin \(C\) — rickets
ⓑ. Vitamin \(C\) — scurvy
ⓒ. Vitamin \(D\) — beriberi
ⓓ. Vitamin \(A\) — pernicious anaemia
Correct Answer: Vitamin \(C\) — scurvy
Explanation: Vitamin \(C\) deficiency is associated with scurvy. Vitamin \(D\) deficiency is linked with rickets or osteomalacia, while vitamin \(B_1\) deficiency causes beriberi. Vitamin \(A\) deficiency is associated with night blindness. Pernicious anaemia is linked with vitamin \(B_{12}\).
405. Which function is most closely associated with vitamin \(D\)?
ⓐ. Calcium metabolism and bone health
ⓑ. Formation of glycosidic bonds in sucrose
ⓒ. Storage of hereditary information
ⓓ. Oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid
Correct Answer: Calcium metabolism and bone health
Explanation: Vitamin \(D\) is important for calcium metabolism and healthy bone formation. When vitamin \(D\) is deficient, calcium handling in the body is affected. This can lead to bone-related disorders such as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. The other choices describe carbohydrate or nucleic-acid chemistry rather than vitamin \(D\) function.
406. Deficiency of vitamin \(D\) in children is commonly associated with which condition?
ⓐ. Scurvy
ⓑ. Beriberi
ⓒ. Night blindness
ⓓ. Rickets
Correct Answer: Rickets
Explanation: Vitamin \(D\) deficiency affects bone mineralisation. In children, this deficiency can cause rickets, a disorder involving weak or deformed bones. Vitamin \(D\) helps maintain calcium and phosphate balance needed for bone health. Scurvy, beriberi, and night blindness are linked with vitamins \(C\), \(B_1\), and \(A\) respectively.
407. Which statement correctly classifies vitamin \(D\)?
ⓐ. It is a water-soluble \(B\)-complex vitamin.
ⓑ. It is a peptide bond in proteins.
ⓒ. It is a fat-soluble vitamin.
ⓓ. It is a reducing disaccharide.
Correct Answer: It is a fat-soluble vitamin.
Explanation: Vitamin \(D\) belongs to the fat-soluble vitamin group along with vitamins \(A\), \(E\), and \(K\). It is connected with calcium metabolism and bone health. Its deficiency can cause rickets or osteomalacia. It is not a \(B\)-complex vitamin, a peptide bond, or a carbohydrate.
408. Which disease-to-vitamin reverse mapping is correct for rickets?
ⓐ. Scurvy \(\rightarrow\) vitamin \(D\)
ⓑ. Rickets \(\rightarrow\) vitamin \(D\)
ⓒ. Night blindness \(\rightarrow\) vitamin \(C\)
ⓓ. Beriberi \(\rightarrow\) vitamin \(A\)
Correct Answer: Rickets \(\rightarrow\) vitamin \(D\)
Explanation: Rickets is caused by deficiency of vitamin \(D\), especially in children. Vitamin \(D\) helps regulate calcium metabolism and supports bone formation. Scurvy is linked with vitamin \(C\), night blindness with vitamin \(A\), and beriberi with vitamin \(B_1\). Matching deficiency diseases with the correct vitamin helps separate similar memorisation traps.
409. Which vitamin is most closely associated with blood clotting?
ⓐ. Vitamin \(A\)
ⓑ. Vitamin \(C\)
ⓒ. Vitamin \(D\)
ⓓ. Vitamin \(K\)
Correct Answer: Vitamin \(K\)
Explanation: Vitamin \(K\) is associated with blood clotting. It belongs to the fat-soluble vitamin group. A deficiency of vitamin \(K\) can affect normal clotting ability. Vitamin \(A\) is linked with vision, vitamin \(C\) with scurvy prevention, and vitamin \(D\) with bone health.
410. Which statement best describes vitamin \(E\)?
ⓐ. It is the main sugar unit of cellulose.
ⓑ. It is the deficiency cause of beriberi.
ⓒ. It has antioxidant or reproductive roles.
ⓓ. It is the nitrogenous base found only in RNA.
Correct Answer: It has antioxidant or reproductive roles.
Explanation: Vitamin \(E\) is a fat-soluble vitamin. It is commonly associated with antioxidant function and reproductive health. It is grouped with vitamins \(A\), \(D\), and \(K\) as a fat-soluble vitamin. It is not a carbohydrate unit, a \(B_1\)-deficiency factor, or a nucleic-acid base.
411. Which set correctly matches vitamins with major deficiency associations?
ⓐ. \(A\) — night blindness; \(B_1\) — beriberi; \(C\) — scurvy; \(D\) — rickets
ⓑ. \(A\) — scurvy; \(B_1\) — rickets; \(C\) — night blindness; \(D\) — beriberi
ⓒ. \(A\) — beriberi; \(B_1\) — scurvy; \(C\) — rickets; \(D\) — night blindness
ⓓ. \(A\) — rickets; \(B_1\) — night blindness; \(C\) — beriberi; \(D\) — scurvy
Correct Answer: \(A\) — night blindness; \(B_1\) — beriberi; \(C\) — scurvy; \(D\) — rickets
Explanation: Vitamin \(A\) deficiency is linked with night blindness. Vitamin \(B_1\) deficiency causes beriberi, vitamin \(C\) deficiency causes scurvy, and vitamin \(D\) deficiency causes rickets. These are standard deficiency pairings. Mixing these diseases is a common error because all are vitamin-related disorders.
412. Which vitamin pair is correctly classified as fat-soluble?
ⓐ. Vitamin \(B_1\) and vitamin \(C\)
ⓑ. Vitamin \(D\) and vitamin \(K\)
ⓒ. Vitamin \(B_2\) and vitamin \(B_{12}\)
ⓓ. Vitamin \(C\) and vitamin \(B_6\)
Correct Answer: Vitamin \(D\) and vitamin \(K\)
Explanation: Vitamins \(A\), \(D\), \(E\), and \(K\) are fat-soluble. Therefore vitamins \(D\) and \(K\) form a correct fat-soluble pair. The \(B\)-complex vitamins and vitamin \(C\) are water-soluble. Solubility classification is separate from deficiency-disease matching.
413. Which statement best compares vitamin \(C\) and vitamin \(D\)?
ⓐ. Both are fat-soluble and mainly linked with blood clotting.
ⓑ. Vitamin \(C\) prevents rickets, while vitamin \(D\) prevents scurvy.
ⓒ. Vitamin \(C\) is water-soluble, while vitamin \(D\) is fat-soluble.
ⓓ. Both are \(B\)-complex vitamins with the same deficiency disease.
Correct Answer: Vitamin \(C\) is water-soluble, while vitamin \(D\) is fat-soluble.
Explanation: Vitamin \(C\) belongs to the water-soluble group and is associated with prevention of scurvy. Vitamin \(D\) belongs to the fat-soluble group and is associated with calcium metabolism and bone health. Their deficiency diseases are different. This comparison tests both solubility classification and biological role.
414. Which assertion-reason pair is correctly evaluated?
Assertion: Vitamin \(K\) is important for blood clotting.
Reason: Vitamin \(K\) belongs to the fat-soluble vitamin group.
ⓐ. Both are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion.
ⓑ. Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
ⓒ. Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
ⓓ. Both are true, and Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Correct Answer: Both are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion.
Explanation: Vitamin \(K\) is important for normal blood clotting. It is also true that vitamin \(K\) is fat-soluble. However, being fat-soluble by itself does not explain its specific role in clotting. The reason gives a correct classification fact, but not the functional explanation for the assertion.
415. Which vitamin-deficiency pairing involving vitamin \(K\) is incorrect?
ⓐ. Vitamin \(C\) — scurvy
ⓑ. Vitamin \(D\) — rickets
ⓒ. Vitamin \(A\) — night blindness
ⓓ. Vitamin \(K\) — beriberi
Correct Answer: Vitamin \(K\) — beriberi
Explanation: Beriberi is caused by deficiency of vitamin \(B_1\), not vitamin \(K\). Vitamin \(K\) is mainly associated with blood clotting. Vitamin \(C\) deficiency causes scurvy, vitamin \(D\) deficiency causes rickets, and vitamin \(A\) deficiency causes night blindness. The incorrect pairing mixes a fat-soluble vitamin with a \(B\)-complex deficiency disease.
416. Which statement gives the most accurate summary of vitamin classification and function?
ⓐ. All vitamins are energy-giving polymers made from glucose units.
ⓑ. Vitamins are micronutrients grouped by solubility.
ⓒ. Vitamins are nucleic-acid monomers made of sugar, base, and phosphate.
ⓓ. All vitamins are peptide chains that form enzymes directly.
Correct Answer: Vitamins are micronutrients grouped by solubility.
Explanation: Vitamins are required in small quantities and support normal body functions. They are commonly classified as fat-soluble or water-soluble. Deficiency of a particular vitamin can produce a characteristic disorder, such as scurvy from lack of vitamin \(C\) or rickets from lack of vitamin \(D\). They are not glucose polymers, nucleotides, or peptide chains.
417. Which statement best describes nucleic acids?
ⓐ. Biomolecules for heredity and protein synthesis
ⓑ. Storage polysaccharides made only of glucose units
ⓒ. Micronutrients needed in trace amounts
ⓓ. Fibrous proteins with structural roles
Correct Answer: Biomolecules for heredity and protein synthesis
Explanation: Nucleic acids are biomolecules that control heredity and help in protein synthesis. DNA stores and transmits genetic information, while RNA helps use that information during protein formation. They are polymeric molecules made from nucleotide units. They should not be confused with polysaccharides, vitamins, or fibrous proteins.
418. Which pair represents the two main types of nucleic acids?
ⓐ. Starch and cellulose
ⓑ. Keratin and collagen
ⓒ. DNA and RNA
ⓓ. Sucrose and lactose
Correct Answer: DNA and RNA
Explanation: DNA and RNA are the two main nucleic acids. DNA is mainly associated with storing genetic information, while RNA is mainly involved in protein synthesis. Both are polymers made from nucleotide units. Starch, cellulose, keratin, collagen, sucrose, and lactose belong to carbohydrate or protein categories.
419. Which statement best explains why nucleic acids are called polymeric biomolecules?
ⓐ. They dissolve only in fats and are stored like vitamins.
ⓑ. They are made from two monosaccharide units only.
ⓒ. They always contain peptide bonds between amino acids.
ⓓ. They are made of repeating nucleotide units.
Correct Answer: They are made of repeating nucleotide units.
Explanation: A polymer is a large molecule formed from many repeating units. Nucleic acids are polymers because their chains contain repeated nucleotide units. These nucleotides are linked together to form long polynucleotide chains. This is different from proteins, which are polymers of amino acids, and polysaccharides, which are polymers of monosaccharides.
420. Which biomolecule class is most directly responsible for storage and transmission of genetic information?
ⓐ. Carbohydrates
ⓑ. Nucleic acids
ⓒ. Vitamins
ⓓ. Hormones
Correct Answer: Nucleic acids
Explanation: Nucleic acids are directly linked with genetic information. DNA stores hereditary information and passes it from one generation to another. RNA helps express genetic information during protein synthesis. Carbohydrates mainly serve energy or structural roles, while vitamins and hormones have supportive or regulatory roles.
