Correct Answer: Modern public building
Explanation: A bifurcated stair, also known as a split or divided stair, is typically used in modern public buildings. It involves a stair that splits into two branches, usually going in opposite directions, providing separate paths for ascending and descending traffic.
Correct Answer: Hipped roof
Explanation: A roof sloping in four directions is called a “hipped roof.” It has slopes on all four sides that meet at a common point or ridge.
Correct Answer: Gambrel roof
Explanation: A roof sloping in two directions is called a “gambrel roof.” It has two different slopes on each side, with the lower slope being steeper than the upper slope.
Correct Answer: Mansard roof
Explanation: A roof sloping in four directions but with a break in slopes is called a “mansard roof.” It has two slopes on each of its four sides, with the lower slope being steeper and often featuring dormer windows.
Correct Answer: Flat roof
Explanation: A flat roof is suitable in plains where rainfall is moderate and temperature is high. It provides a simple, horizontal surface.
Correct Answer: Gambrel roof
Explanation: A gambrel roof is suitable in high mountainous regions. Its design allows for shedding snow more effectively.
Correct Answer: Coastal
Explanation: Pitched and sloping roofs are suitable for coastal regions. The slope helps in shedding rainwater effectively.
Correct Answer: Ridge
Explanation: The apex line of a sloping roof is called the “ridge.” It is the highest point where the slopes meet.
Correct Answer: Eaves
Explanation: The wooden piece joining the bottom ends of rafters is called the “eaves.” It extends beyond the supporting wall and provides protection from rain.
Correct Answer: Valley
Explanation: The line of intersection of the sloping surface of the sloped roof having an internal angle greater than 180° is called the “valley.”
Correct Answer: Hip
Explanation: The line of intersection of the sloping surface of the sloped roof having an internal angle less than 180° is called the “hip.”
Correct Answer: Rafter
Explanation: The members which support covering materials of a sloping roof are called “rafters.” They are inclined structural members that support the roof covering.
Correct Answer: Purlin
Explanation: The member laid horizontally to support common rafters and transmit the loads to the trusses or wall is called a “purlin.” Purlins provide additional support to the roof structure.
Correct Answer: Prevent purlin from tilting
Explanation: Cleats in a roof truss are used to prevent the purlins (horizontal members) from tilting or shifting. They provide additional support and stability to the structure.
Correct Answer: North light roof
Explanation: The roof used in factories is called a “North light roof.” It is a type of industrial roof design that allows natural light to enter the building through north-facing windows or skylights.
Correct Answer: Domes
Explanation: Domes are preferred for large spans as they provide a structurally efficient way to cover a large area. The dome shape distributes loads evenly, making it suitable for wide spans.
Correct Answer: 75 cm
Explanation: The height of the parapet wall is generally kept around 75 cm. Parapet walls are built for safety and to prevent people from falling off the edges of roofs or elevated structures.
Correct Answer: 150 cm
Explanation: The minimum height of scaffolding above the floor level is typically kept at 150 cm. Scaffolding provides a safe working platform for construction and maintenance activities.
Correct Answer: Combined
Explanation: Footings provided at the boundary line are often combined footings. Combined footings support two or more columns and are suitable when columns are closely spaced or near the property line.
Correct Answer: 230 mm
Explanation: The minimum width of a load-bearing wall is typically kept at 230 mm. This width ensures the stability and strength of the wall to carry vertical loads.
Correct Answer: Non-workability
Explanation: Low water concrete results in non-workability. It becomes difficult to mix and place, affecting the construction process.
Correct Answer: None of the above
Explanation: The water-cement (w/c) ratio is a crucial factor in concrete mix design, and all the mentioned ratios (1:0.3, 1:0.5, 1:0.8) are concerned with the w/c ratio.
Correct Answer: 0.65
Explanation: The water-cement (w/c) ratio for M10 concrete is typically around 0.65. The ratio is adjusted based on the desired strength and workability of the concrete mix.
Correct Answer: Break vertical joint and to provide strength
Explanation: Different types of bonds in brick masonry are used to break vertical joints and provide strength to the wall. Common bonds include English bond, Flemish bond, etc.
Correct Answer: Along the walls and floor of the building
Explanation: Damp proofing course is provided along the walls and floor of the building to prevent the rising of dampness from the ground.
Correct Answer: Grouting
Explanation: The filling in cavities with cement slurry is known as grouting. It is commonly used to fill voids and gaps in structures for better strength and stability.
Correct Answer: Raft footing
Explanation: In made-up ground with a low bearing power, heavy concentrated loads are generally supported by raft footings. Raft footing distributes the load over a larger area.
Correct Answer: Hearthling
Explanation: Hearthling is not typically associated with damp proofing. Surface treatment and guniting are methods used for damp proofing.
Correct Answer: Auger
Explanation: Auger is not a tool commonly used in laying a brick wall. Trowel, tri-square, and plumb-bob are more commonly used tools in bricklaying.
Correct Answer: 90%
Explanation: In three weeks’ time, a well-cured cement structure is likely to achieve approximately 90% of its ultimate strength. The curing period contributes to the development of concrete strength.
Correct Answer: Early strength
Explanation: Curing in concrete and cement plaster is a process that helps in gaining early strength. It involves maintaining adequate moisture, temperature, and time to allow the concrete to achieve its desired strength and durability.
Correct Answer: 7 days
Explanation: The earliest period for removing formwork under normal atmospheric conditions is typically 7 days. However, the actual duration may vary based on factors such as the type of concrete and ambient conditions.
Correct Answer: Isolated footing
Explanation: For a 3 floors high RCC framed residential building, isolated footings are likely to be adopted. Isolated footings support individual columns and are suitable for low to medium-rise structures.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: Carpet area of a building does not include the area of walls along with doors and other openings, verandah, corridor, passage, bathroom, lavatory, kitchen, and pantry.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: Bar bending schedule (BBS) is prepared in RCC structure for various purposes, including calculating the quantity of reinforcement, guiding bar benders in construction, and checking the bill of quantities.
Correct Answer: 0.8m
Explanation: The height of stone masonry that can be constructed in one day depends on various factors such as the type of stones, bonding pattern, and mason’s skill. The given options represent different possibilities.
Correct Answer: Two or more section connection
Explanation: Lacing in steel structures is provided in two or more section connections. It helps in bracing and providing stability to the structure, especially in compression members.
Correct Answer: Larger area of cross-section and smaller length
Explanation: The higher load-carrying capacity of a strut depends on having a larger area of cross-section and a smaller length. This combination increases the strut’s strength and ability to carry loads.
Correct Answer: Weight test
Explanation: The most important test for a stone used in docks and harbors is the weight test. It assesses the stone’s ability to withstand heavy loads, which is crucial in applications where stones are used for construction in marine environments.
Correct Answer: 1.5m
Explanation: A through stone should be provided in stone masonry at a distance not exceeding 1.5 meters. Through stones are used to bind the thickness of the wall.
Correct Answer: Manual technology
Explanation: A concrete mixer is a device used for mixing concrete manually or mechanically. While there are modern and mechanical mixers, it is a technology used for the manual mixing of concrete.
Correct Answer: 300 x 300 mm
Explanation: The minimum column size as per the National Building Code of Nepal is typically specified, and it is often in the range of 300 x 300 mm.
Correct Answer: Total floor areas of a building to the site area
Explanation: FAR (Floor Area Ratio) is defined as the ratio of the total floor area of a building to the site area. It is used in urban planning to regulate the size and density of buildings on a given piece of land.
Correct Answer: 18
Explanation: The number of risers in a staircase can be calculated using the formula: Number of risers = (Total height of the staircase) / (Height of each riser). In this case, the total height is 3 m, and the height of each riser is not provided.
Correct Answer: Cellular or aerated concrete
Explanation: The lightweight spongy concrete, prepared by mixing aluminum in the cement concrete, is called cellular or aerated concrete. It is known for its insulation properties and is used in roof slabs and precast units.
Correct Answer: 15%
Explanation: First-class bricks, when immersed in cold water for 24 hours, should not absorb water more than 15%. This indicates the resistance of bricks to water absorption.
Correct Answer: Prevent shrinkage
Explanation: Sukhi is added to lintel mortar to prevent shrinkage. Sukhi is also known as “surkhi,” and it is a powdered material obtained by finely grinding burnt clay bricks. It is added to mortar for better workability and to reduce shrinkage.
Correct Answer: Gauged mortar
Explanation: Gauged mortar, which includes the addition of pozzolanic materials like surkhi or brick powder to lime mortar, is more suitable for construction work in waterlogged areas. It provides better resistance to water.
Correct Answer: 14 days
Explanation: The minimum number of days required for curing freshly laid concrete under normal atmospheric conditions is typically 14 days. Curing is essential for the development of concrete strength and durability.
Correct Answer: Tough
Explanation: The type of rock suitable for coarse aggregate should be tough to withstand the impact and wear in concrete. Tough aggregates contribute to the strength and durability of concrete.
Correct Answer: 15 mm
Explanation: For reinforced cement concrete lintels and slabs, the nominal size of coarse aggregates should not exceed 15 mm. This helps in achieving better workability and a dense concrete mix.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: Workability increasing admixture is used in concrete to achieve various purposes, including making self-compacting concrete, retaining fluidity, and making concrete pumpable.
Correct Answer: Consistency
Explanation: The slump test of concrete is a measure of its consistency. It indicates the workability of concrete based on the deformation of the concrete mix.
Correct Answer: Tongue and groove
Explanation: Joints provided in wooden floors are often tongue and groove joints. These joints help in maintaining alignment and stability in wooden flooring.
Correct Answer: 3
Explanation: Concrete is filled in three layers in a slump cone during the slump test. Each layer is compacted before adding the next layer to ensure accurate measurement of slump.
Correct Answer: Crushing value
Explanation: The resistance of an aggregate to compressive force is known as the crushing value. It is a measure of the strength of the aggregate and its ability to withstand crushing loads.
Correct Answer: Surface area in square cm per gram of cement
Explanation: The fineness of cement is measured in terms of the surface area in square centimeters per gram of cement. It is an important property affecting the reactivity of cement.
Correct Answer: 75 micron
Explanation: Coarse-grained soil contains material bulk density, half of which is larger than 75 microns. This particle size is associated with the fine fraction of soils.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: All of the statements are correct. Underpinning is the process of strengthening the foundation of an existing building or structure. It may be necessary when the original foundation is not strong or stable enough, or when the usage of the structure has changed. Shoring is the process of temporarily supporting a building, structure, or trench with props.
Correct Answer: 2 to 3 m
Explanation: From an earthquake safety perspective, the floor-to-floor wall height of the building should ideally be in the range of 2 to 3 meters. This helps in ensuring stability and resistance to seismic forces.
Correct Answer: Risers minus one
Explanation: The number of treads in a flight is equal to the number of risers minus one. This relationship holds true in a typical staircase design.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: The specific yield of soil depends upon various factors, including the compaction of stratum, distribution of pores, and the shape and size of particles. All of these factors contribute to the water-holding capacity of the soil.
Correct Answer: Both (a) and (b)
Explanation: In three-coat plastering, the third coat serves both as the setting coat and the finishing coat. It provides the final surface finish and contributes to the overall appearance of the plastered surface.
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