Correct Answer: Church
Explanation: The symbol represents a church in a drawing or map, commonly used in cartography and architectural plans.
Correct Answer: Tree
Explanation: The symbol represents a tree in a drawing or map, often used to indicate vegetation or landscaping features.
Correct Answer: Stone
Explanation: The symbol represents stone in a drawing or map, commonly used to indicate materials or construction elements.
Correct Answer: School
Explanation: The symbol represents a school in a drawing or map, often used in cartography and urban planning.
Correct Answer: 10°
Explanation: The slant for the letter “K80°” is 10°. It indicates the angle at which the letter is inclined.
Correct Answer: 0.5
Explanation: The aspect ratio of a letter is the ratio of its height to its width. For the letter shown, the height is half of the width, resulting in an aspect ratio of 0.5. This ratio provides a visual representation of the proportional relationship between the height and width of the letter.
Correct Answer: Natural detail
Explanation: A topographic map is primarily designed to represent the natural features and terrain of a specific area. It includes details such as elevation, rivers, vegetation, and other geographical elements. While it may incidentally depict some artificial details, its main purpose is to showcase the natural characteristics of the landscape.
Correct Answer: Tender
Explanation: Concept drawings are typically created for the purpose of tendering. These drawings serve to communicate the initial design ideas and concepts to potential contractors or clients during the bidding or tendering process. They provide a visual representation of the proposed project, aiding in the assessment of costs and feasibility.
Correct Answer: After construction
Explanation: As-built drawings are created after the completion of construction. They document the final state of the project, incorporating any changes or modifications made during the construction process. As-built drawings provide an accurate representation of the constructed facility, aiding in maintenance, future modifications, and compliance with design specifications.
Correct Answer: Concept
Explanation: Freehand sketches are commonly utilized during the conceptual phase of a project. They allow for the quick and expressive exploration of design ideas. Freehand sketches are an effective tool for brainstorming, communicating initial concepts, and facilitating discussions among stakeholders.
Correct Answer: Both (a) and (b) of above
Explanation: Freehand drawing serves multiple purposes in the engineering field. It is used to generate new ideas during the design phase and allows for quick corrections or adjustments to existing concepts. The flexibility of freehand drawing makes it a versatile tool for expressing creativity and refining designs.
Correct Answer: To express easily to the client
Explanation: Freehand drawing in the engineering field is often employed to express design concepts and ideas to clients or stakeholders. It provides a quick and intuitive way to convey the overall shape and appearance of a project, making it easier for non-technical audiences to understand and engage with the proposed design.
Correct Answer: Fixing two end points
Explanation: One common technique for freehand sketching a straight line is to fix two end points and then draw a line connecting them. This method provides a reference for maintaining a straight trajectory while allowing for a more spontaneous and hand-drawn appearance.
Correct Answer: Fixing a fixed point and arc
Explanation: To freehand sketch a circle, a common technique is to fix a specific point and then draw an arc around that point to create the circular shape. This method allows for a more organic representation of a circle in a freehand drawing.
Correct Answer: Maintenance of service work
Explanation: As-built drawings are primarily created for the purpose of maintenance of service work. These drawings document the final state of a construction or engineering project, providing accurate details that are crucial for ongoing maintenance, repairs, and future modifications.
Correct Answer: An ellipse
Explanation: When the section plane is inclined to the axis of a cone and intersects all the generators on either side of the apex, the resulting section is called an ellipse. This geometric shape is commonly encountered in engineering and mathematical contexts.
Correct Answer: A parabola
Explanation: When the section plane is inclined to the axis of a cone but parallel to one of the generators, the resulting section is called a parabola. Parabolas have distinct geometric properties and are commonly studied in mathematics and engineering.
Correct Answer: A hyperbola
Explanation: When the section plane makes a smaller angle with the axis of a cone compared to the angle made by the generator, the resulting section is called a hyperbola. Hyperbolas have unique characteristics and are fundamental geometric shapes.
Correct Answer: A circle
Explanation: When the section plane passes parallel to the base of a cone, the resulting section is a circle. Circles are well-defined geometric shapes with a constant radius from the center.
Correct Answer: A triangle
Explanation: When the section plane passes through the apex of the cone in a way that it is perpendicular to the base, the resulting section is a triangle. Triangles are fundamental geometric shapes with three sides and three angles.
Correct Answer: A prism
Explanation: A prism is a polyhedron with two equal and parallel bases, connected by rectangular or parallelogram faces. The bases are identical, and the other faces are rectangles or parallelograms. Prisms are characterized by their straight sides and constant cross-sectional shape.
Correct Answer: Pyramid
Explanation: A pyramid is a polyhedron with a polygonal base and triangular faces that meet at a common vertex. The base can be any plane figure, and the triangular faces extend from each side of the base to a single point at the apex.
Correct Answer: A cylinder
Explanation: A cylinder is a solid generated by the revolution of a rectangle about one of its sides, which remains fixed during the rotation. The resulting shape has two parallel and congruent circular bases connected by a curved surface.
Correct Answer: A cone
Explanation: A cone is a solid generated by the revolution of a right-angle triangle about one of its perpendicular sides, which remains fixed during the rotation. The resulting shape has a circular base and a single vertex at the opposite end.
Correct Answer: A frustum
Explanation: When a pyramid or cone is cut by a cutting plane parallel to its base, the remaining portion is called a frustum. A frustum is characterized by a smaller top base, a larger bottom base, and a truncated appearance.
Correct Answer: 90°
Explanation: Orthographic projection involves representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions using a system of perpendicular projection lines. The term “orthographic” refers to the 90-degree angles formed by these projection lines.
Correct Answer: Specification
Explanation: Working drawings are prepared for various purposes such as creating a bill of quantities, estimating costs, and providing layout information. However, working drawings are not specifically prepared for providing detailed specifications, which are typically found in a separate document.
Correct Answer: Irregular curves
Explanation: French curves are drafting tools used to draw irregular curves in design and technical drawing. They come in various shapes and are particularly useful for creating smooth, freeform curves that may be challenging to draw with standard drafting tools.
Correct Answer: An ellipse
Explanation: The locus of points for which the sum of the distances from each point to two fixed points (foci) is constant forms an ellipse. Ellipses are common geometric shapes and have applications in various fields, including mathematics and engineering.
Correct Answer: Evolute
Explanation: The locus of the center of curvature is known as the evolute. In geometry, the evolute represents the path traced by the center of curvature as it moves along a curve.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: Working drawings for a structure at the site are prepared for various purposes, including providing layout information for construction, estimating costs, and preparing documentation for as-built drawings after completion.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: Free-hand sketching can be effectively done with proper proficiency, good practice, and a sense of intuition. These qualities contribute to the ability to quickly and accurately express ideas through freehand drawings.
Correct Answer: An ellipse
Explanation: In isometric view, a circle is represented as an ellipse. Isometric projection involves projecting three-dimensional objects onto a two-dimensional plane with equal foreshortening along eachaxis.
Correct Answer: Perspective view
Explanation: In perspective view, all vertical planes are represented by horizontal lines radiating from a distant point on each side of the plane. This type of view provides a realistic representation of objects with depth and foreshortening.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: The title block on a drawing typically contains information such as the title of the drawing, the scale used, the serial number, and other relevant details. It serves as a key reference for understanding the drawing and its specifications.
Correct Answer: Inclined surfaces
Explanation: Auxiliary views in engineering drawings are used to show details of inclined surfaces that are not easily visible or accurately represented in the primary orthographic views. These views provide a more comprehensive and accurate representation of the geometry of inclined surfaces.
Correct Answer: Orthographic
Explanation: All axonometric projections are a type of orthographic projection. Axonometric projections maintain parallel lines in each of the three principal directions (length, breadth, and height), making them orthographic and allowing for a distortion-free representation of objects.
Correct Answer: A0
Explanation: The surface area of the A0 drawing sheet is one square meter. The A0 size is the base size of the international standard ISO 216 paper sizes, and its dimensions are 841 x 1189 mm.
Correct Answer: B0
Explanation: The large size of the drawing board, as per ISI (Indian Standards Institute), is designated by B0. The B-series paper sizes are often used for posters and other large-format drawings.
Correct Answer: 75°
Explanation: In italic lettering, the direction of the letters is typically at an angle of 75°. This slant enhances the visual aesthetics of the lettering and adds a dynamic appearance to the text.
Correct Answer: Pictorial projection
Explanation: Pictorial projection is a type of projection that represents the length, breadth, and height of an object in one view. Isometric, cavalier, and cabinet projections are specific types of pictorial projections.
Correct Answer: Revolve
Explanation: A cylinder can be created in drafting by drawing a rectangular shape and then using the revolve tool. Revolving the rectangular shape around a specified axis creates the cylindrical form.
Correct Answer: Horizontal lines
Explanation: The T-square is primarily used alone to draw horizontal lines in engineering and technical drawing. It provides a straight edge that can be aligned parallel to the bottom edge of the drawing board to ensure accuracy in horizontal line drawing.
Correct Answer: Increase
Explanation: The hardness of pencil lead increases as the numeral letter H increases. The H scale in pencil grading indicates hardness, and higher H values correspond to harder pencils that produce lighter and finer lines.
Correct Answer: T-square and set square
Explanation: T-square and set square are commonly used drawing tools to draft vertical and angular lines. The T-square is used for horizontal lines, and set squares are used to draw vertical and inclined lines at specific angles.
Correct Answer: Arrows
Explanation: Dimension lines in building drawings are typically marked with arrows to indicate the direction in which the dimension extends. Arrows provide clarity in identifying the extent of the dimension.
Correct Answer: Visible line
Explanation: In engineering drawings, visible lines (object outlines) are often represented with thick and black lines to distinguish them from other types of lines like center lines or construction lines.
Correct Answer: Both (A) and (B)
Explanation: Isometric projection is a type of orthographic projection that is also considered a pictorial projection. It represents three-dimensional objects with equal foreshortening along all three principal axes. Isometric projection is not an oblique projection, but it is a form of orthographic projection.
Correct Answer: 1/√2 times the length of the paper
Explanation: The width of the standard A-series drawing paper, such as A4, A3, A2, etc., is 1/√2 times the length of the paper. The A-series paper sizes are based on the international standard ISO 216.
Correct Answer: Dimensions in the drawing sheet can be read from the bottom edge of the drawing sheet
Explanation: The dimension system is considered unidirectional if dimensions in the drawing sheet can be read from the bottom edge of the drawing sheet. In unidirectional dimensioning, all dimensions are aligned in one direction, typically from the bottom of the drawing sheet.
Correct Answer: Construction line
Explanation: Construction lines in technical drawings are thin and light lines used as guidelines during the drawing process. They are often temporary and are used to assist in the accurate placement of other elements in the drawing. Construction lines do not represent the final form of the object and are typically drawn with a light touch to distinguish them from more prominent lines.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: Structural working drawings provide detailed information about various aspects of a structure, including covers to the reinforcement, sizes of sections, and the number and size of bars used in construction. These drawings are essential for accurate implementation of the structural design during the construction phase.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: In architectural drawing, it is important for all letters to be uniform in size and shape, have consistent slopes, and maintain appropriate spacing. Uniformity in lettering enhances the clarity and professionalism of the drawing, making it easier to understand and interpret.
Correct Answer: Auxiliary plane
Explanation: An auxiliary plane in technical drawing is a plane that is placed at any angle to the principal planes (horizontal and vertical planes). These planes are used to show additional views and details that may not be easily represented in the standard orthographic projections.
Correct Answer: A thin line and continuous at the middle
Explanation: The dimension line in technical drawing is generally a thin, continuous line. It is used to indicate the extent or measurement of a dimension and is drawn with a consistent thickness throughout its length. The dimension line may be accompanied by arrows or other symbols to indicate the direction and extent of the dimension.
Correct Answer: Both of the above
Explanation: Detail drawings are used to provide all the necessary information needed for the construction or fabrication of a specific part or component. These drawings present relevant and comprehensive details, ensuring that the manufacturing or construction process is accurate and conforms to the design specifications.
Correct Answer: Locating footing size and depth of foundation
Explanation: The trench plan of a building shows the location and dimensions of the footing in the horizontal plane. It provides information about the size and depth of the foundation, including details about the excavation required for the foundation of the structure.
Correct Answer: To facilitate the construction at the site
Explanation: The main purpose of working drawings is to facilitate the construction process at the construction site. These drawings provide detailed information and instructions for builders and contractors, guiding them in implementing the design accurately and efficiently.
Correct Answer: Municipality
Explanation: In the city area of Nepal, the approval of design and drawings before the construction of a building is typically done by the Municipality. Municipal authorities review the design for compliance with building codes and regulations before granting approval for construction.
Correct Answer: Exploded view drawing
Explanation: An exploded view drawing is a technical drawing that shows the relationship or order of assembly of various parts of an object. It visually represents how the individual components fit together and their spatial arrangement during the assembly process.
Correct Answer: Decrease by 400%
Explanation: When the scale of a drawing is changed from 1:100 to 1:50, the space covered by the drawing on the paper decreases. The decrease is calculated as a reduction to half of the original scale, resulting in a 400% decrease in the covered area.
Correct Answer: Cube
Explanation: A cube is not considered a polyhedron. Polyhedra are three-dimensional geometric shapes with flat polygonal faces, and a cube is a specific type of polyhedron with six square faces, twelve edges, and eight vertices.
Correct Answer: Prism
Explanation: Solids of revolution are generated by rotating a two-dimensional shape about an axis. A prism, however, is not a solid of revolution because it has a constant cross-section along its length. Solids of revolution include the sphere, cone, and cylinder.
Correct Answer: Extension line
Explanation: In a technical drawing, the extension line is a part of the dimensioning process. Extension lines indicate the points between which a dimension applies. They are used to show the limits or extents of the dimension.
Correct Answer: Triangular faces
Explanation: A tetrahedron is a polyhedron with four triangular faces, four vertices, and six edges. The triangular faces of a tetrahedron are identical and equilateral triangles.
Correct Answer: Object line
Explanation: Outlines in technical drawings are commonly referred to as object lines. These lines represent the visible edges and contours of the object being depicted. Object lines are essential for defining the shape and structure of the object in the drawing.
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