Class 11 Chemistry — Chapter 14: Environmental Chemistry Online Test

1. Nitric Oxide () plays a catalytic role in the depletion of ozone within the stratosphere, according to the reaction . In this cycle, the then reacts with an oxygen atom () to regenerate the catalyst , completing the cycle. This cycle converts ozone into:

2. Persistent Organic Pollutants () like and are difficult to remove from the environment primarily because they are:

3. The localized phenomenon where acidic particles ( and derivatives) are trapped and concentrated within low-hanging, damp air is referred to as:

4. Green Chemistry is fundamentally defined as the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Who coined this term and pioneered the concept?

5. The National Green Tribunal () in India was established in 2010 to handle cases related to:

6. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation () system is an emission control technology used to reduce which specific pollutant?

7. For gaseous pollutants, the disposal method that involves passing the gas through a solid material (e.g., activated carbon) to trap the chemical compounds on its large surface area is:

8. Organic load (high and ) and toxic, non-biodegradable synthetic chemicals (e.g., dyes, solvents) are the primary contaminants in the liquid effluent from which industrial sector?

9. Chronic exposure to Cadmium () from contaminated soil and crops can primarily lead to severe damage and dysfunction in which major organ system?

10. Methemoglobinemia (Blue Baby Syndrome), where the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity is reduced, is a consequence of ingesting contaminated drinking water primarily high in which agricultural pollutant?

11. Organochlorine compounds, such as and Lindane, are highly non-biodegradable and persist in the environment, exhibiting the phenomenon of biomagnification. Which source is the primary origin of these pollutants in aquatic systems?

12. atoms like chlorine and bromine are extremely damaging to ozone because they are:

13. are effective fire extinguishing agents but pose a severe risk to the ozone layer. This class of compounds contains which highly efficient ozone-depleting element in addition to chlorine?

14. What property of allows them to survive the troposphere without being broken down by rain or chemical reactions, enabling them to eventually reach the stratosphere?

15. If the concentration of in the atmosphere is measured at (parts per million) during a smog event, and a sample of of air is collected at , the approximate volume of present is:

16. The major gaseous primary pollutant responsible for the formation of acid rain is:

17. Which characteristic of biodegradable plastics () prevents them from becoming a long-term problem in landfills and the marine environment?

18. Microplastics are fragments of plastic less than in size that are increasingly found in soil. Their primary environmental concern, beyond physical impediment, is their ability to:

19. The increase in radiation due to ozone depletion can weaken the immune system in humans, leading to:

20. A scientist measures the of two rain samples: Sample X has and Sample Y has . By what factor is the hydrogen ion concentration () higher in Sample Y compared to Sample X?

1. In industrial processes, a catalytic converter is most frequently used to eliminate which major class of air pollutants?

2. Photochemical smog is a mixture of several chemical species. Which compound among the following is a product of the reaction between unburnt hydrocarbons and in the presence of sunlight, making it a key component and a lachrymator (tear gas)?

3. The primary environmental concern resulting from the depletion of the protective stratospheric ozone layer is:

4. The primary health effect of acute exposure to high concentrations of Ozone () in photochemical smog on humans is:

5. The concept of Sustainable Development was formalized and popularized by which landmark international report?

6. A major challenge in recycling mixed industrial plastic waste compared to consumer plastic waste is:

7. The large volume of concentrated saline water known as brine, which is discharged and affects the salinity of coastal waters, is a type of industrial liquid waste generated primarily by:

8. Which component of soil pollution poses a threat because it leads to the accumulation of excess salts in the root zone, potentially causing plasmolysis and death of crop plants?

9. Which waste disposal method is considered the preferred choice for hazardous liquid industrial waste as it permanently isolates the waste in deep, porous rock formations?

10. Which adverse effect on agriculture is directly caused by the accumulation of excess salts, often from over-fertilization, in the root zone?

11. Which characteristic is generally true for the liquid and gaseous waste generated by the industrial sector compared to municipal waste?

12. Increased radiation reaching the Earth's surface due to ozone depletion poses the most significant health risk in the form of:

13. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed in which year, giving the and authority to issue instructions for preventing or restricting air pollution?

14. The most significant contamination source associated with the large-scale disposal of municipal and industrial waste (landfills) that ultimately affects soil is:

15. A substance present in nature, but whose concentration has significantly increased due to human activity to a level that causes adverse effects on living organisms and the environment, is termed a:

16. Which of the following is the defining characteristic of Photochemical Smog?

17. When scientists measure the concentration of ozone in the total atmospheric column above a point on Earth, the standard unit used is the:

18. In the reduction stage of the catalytic converter, which two products are formed when nitrogen oxides () are treated?

19. Acid rain causes severe damage to historical monuments and buildings made of marble (). This decay process is chemically represented by the reaction:

20. The complete chemical formula for Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN), a key secondary pollutant in photochemical smog, is:

21. Which of the following is a key chemical reaction that contributes to the adverse effects of Classical Smog on materials like limestone or marble statues?

22. Which of the following is an effect of ozone layer depletion on terrestrial plants and agriculture?

23. The increase in radiation due to ozone depletion can weaken the immune system in humans, leading to:

24. Which industrial air pollution control method for involves injecting an absorbent material (like lime or activated carbon) into the flue gas stream to react with and capture pollutants, followed by removal in a filter?

25. The process by which Sulphur Dioxide () in Classical Smog is converted into the major acid component () involves an intermediate step where is first converted to:

26. The ozone destruction cycle catalyzed by a chlorine monoxide radical () involves a second step where the chlorine radical () is regenerated. This regeneration step is:

27. Gaseous industrial waste is primarily released through which infrastructure component?

28. The use of certain persistent herbicides in agriculture can damage the soil by:

29. Eutrophication is the rapid aging of a lake due to an excessive increase in primary production. This process is triggered mainly by the input of Nitrates () and Phosphates () originating from which cause?

30. Which major class of water pollutants is derived from the leaching of solid waste in landfills and open dumps, often containing a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds?

1. The ozone destruction cycle catalyzed by a chlorine monoxide radical () involves a second step where the chlorine radical () is regenerated. This regeneration step is:

2. The term 'Sink' in environmental chemistry refers to:

3. Beyond direct toxicity, acid rain indirectly promotes a dangerous form of water pollution by:

4. The key difference between Green Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry is that:

5. Which waste disposal method is considered the preferred choice for hazardous liquid industrial waste as it permanently isolates the waste in deep, porous rock formations?

6. The characteristic brownish haze or yellowish-brown colour often observed in photochemical smog is primarily due to the presence of which gas?

7. The principle "Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention" (Principle 12) advises choosing substances and forms of substances that minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including the potential for:

8. Emission standards, such as India's Bharat Stage (BS) norms or Europe's Euro standards, aim primarily to control the quantity of:

9. Classical Smog episodes, like the Great Smog of London in 1952, typically occur under which combination of climatic conditions?

10. Which of the following is an effective strategy to reduce the formation of photochemical smog in a heavily polluted urban area?

11. Which principle focuses on minimizing the formation of derivatives, such as the use of temporary protecting groups, which adds extra steps to a synthesis and generates more waste?

12. The core principle of waste minimization in industrial operations is best described by which strategy?

13. In a food chain consisting of algae, zooplankton, small fish, and large fish, where would the highest concentration of a fat-soluble, non-biodegradable pollutant like be found due to biomagnification?

14. Which common industrial pollution control device is designed to remove particulate matter () from the exhaust gas stream by using an electrical charge to attract the particles to collection plates?

15. A chemical treatment process used to neutralize highly acidic or basic liquid industrial waste (effluents) before discharge or further treatment is:

16. A major consequence of increased radiation reaching the Earth's surface due to ozone depletion is its effect on marine life. This effect primarily involves damage to:

17. What is the main chemical species released from Chlorofluorocarbons () in the stratosphere that acts as a catalyst for ozone depletion?

18. Gaseous industrial waste is primarily released through which infrastructure component?

19. Principle 10, "Design for Degradation," is applied to a chemical product to ensure it does what after its intended function is complete?

20. The primary advantage of replacing fossil fuel vehicles with electric vehicles () in terms of air quality control is the elimination of:

21. Which of the following wavelength ranges of radiation is known to have the highest energy and is almost entirely absorbed by the stratosphere's oxygen () and ozone ()?

22. Poly-Lactic Acid () is a common example of a biodegradable plastic. Its biodegradability directly aligns with which Green Chemistry principle?

23. Supercritical () is an increasingly used green alternative to organic solvents in processes like dry cleaning and chemical extraction because it:

24. Which of the following is the primary chemical characteristic of Classical Smog (also known as reducing smog or London Smog)?

25. The natural process of ozone formation in the stratosphere is an equilibrium process known as the Chapman Cycle. The overall effect of this cycle is to convert which form of energy into heat, regulating stratospheric temperature?

26. In countries that rely on coal for electricity generation, the most abundant gaseous pollutant released from thermal power plants that contributes to atmospheric pollution is:

27. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation () system is an emission control technology used to reduce which specific pollutant?

28. Which of the following is the most suitable example of a biodegradable pollutant?

29. Which heavy metal impurity, if present in fuel, will permanently poison and render a vehicular catalytic converter useless?

30. Which of the following is an effective strategy for controlling the emission of Sulphur Dioxide () from large industrial sources like coal-fired power plants?

31. If the concentration of in the atmosphere is measured at (parts per million) during a smog event, and a sample of of air is collected at , the approximate volume of present is:

32. Which major class of water pollutants is derived from the leaching of solid waste in landfills and open dumps, often containing a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds?

33. Which water-borne disease, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, is strongly linked to the consumption of water or food contaminated by raw sewage?

34. A visible effect of acid rain on the human environment is the damage caused to historical monuments, statues, and buildings made of marble or limestone. This process is called:

35. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed in which year, giving the and authority to issue instructions for preventing or restricting air pollution?

36. Despite the success of the Montreal Protocol, scientists estimate that the stratospheric ozone layer will not return to pre-1980 levels globally until approximately:

37. Which of the following is an effect of ozone layer depletion on terrestrial plants and agriculture?

38. The process of Biomagnification is characterized by the pollutant concentration increasing sequentially in which part of the ecosystem structure?

39. Which of the following particulate pollutants is best categorized as a liquid aerosol?

40. The single largest anthropogenic (human-caused) source of Nitrous Oxide () emissions, which is both a potent greenhouse gas and an ozone-depleting substance, is:

41. The solubility characteristic of many major soil pollutants, such as heavy metals and certain ionic compounds, that makes them non-leaching (i.e., less likely to wash away) is:

42. The single largest contributor to the human-induced increase in atmospheric Carbon Dioxide () since the industrial revolution is:

43. In industrial processes, a catalytic converter is most frequently used to eliminate which major class of air pollutants?

44. The increase in the temperature of a water body, often leading to a reduction in its dissolved oxygen content, known as thermal pollution, is predominantly caused by the discharge of:

45. Which adverse effect on agriculture is directly caused by the accumulation of excess salts, often from over-fertilization, in the root zone?

46. Which highly specialized and expensive disposal method is mandated for high-level radioactive waste due to its long-term toxicity and extremely long half-life?

47. The natural process of ozone () formation in the stratosphere is represented by the overall equation:

48. A major difference between Classical Smog and Photochemical Smog in terms of the main source of precursors is:

49. Which of the following human activities was the primary source that led to the widespread release of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere, causing ozone layer depletion?

50. Solvent-free synthesis often leads to much faster reaction rates, better selectivity, and higher yields compared to solution-based reactions. This efficiency gain contributes directly to which Green Chemistry principle?