Class 11 Chemistry — Chapter 14: Environmental Chemistry Online Test

1. Nitric Oxide () plays a catalytic role in the depletion of ozone within the stratosphere, according to the reaction . In this cycle, the then reacts with an oxygen atom () to regenerate the catalyst , completing the cycle. This cycle converts ozone into:

2. Persistent Organic Pollutants () like and are difficult to remove from the environment primarily because they are:

3. The localized phenomenon where acidic particles ( and derivatives) are trapped and concentrated within low-hanging, damp air is referred to as:

4. Green Chemistry is fundamentally defined as the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Who coined this term and pioneered the concept?

5. The National Green Tribunal () in India was established in 2010 to handle cases related to:

6. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation () system is an emission control technology used to reduce which specific pollutant?

7. For gaseous pollutants, the disposal method that involves passing the gas through a solid material (e.g., activated carbon) to trap the chemical compounds on its large surface area is:

8. Organic load (high and ) and toxic, non-biodegradable synthetic chemicals (e.g., dyes, solvents) are the primary contaminants in the liquid effluent from which industrial sector?

9. Chronic exposure to Cadmium () from contaminated soil and crops can primarily lead to severe damage and dysfunction in which major organ system?

10. Methemoglobinemia (Blue Baby Syndrome), where the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity is reduced, is a consequence of ingesting contaminated drinking water primarily high in which agricultural pollutant?

11. Organochlorine compounds, such as and Lindane, are highly non-biodegradable and persist in the environment, exhibiting the phenomenon of biomagnification. Which source is the primary origin of these pollutants in aquatic systems?

12. atoms like chlorine and bromine are extremely damaging to ozone because they are:

13. are effective fire extinguishing agents but pose a severe risk to the ozone layer. This class of compounds contains which highly efficient ozone-depleting element in addition to chlorine?

14. What property of allows them to survive the troposphere without being broken down by rain or chemical reactions, enabling them to eventually reach the stratosphere?

15. If the concentration of in the atmosphere is measured at (parts per million) during a smog event, and a sample of of air is collected at , the approximate volume of present is:

16. The major gaseous primary pollutant responsible for the formation of acid rain is:

17. Which characteristic of biodegradable plastics () prevents them from becoming a long-term problem in landfills and the marine environment?

18. Microplastics are fragments of plastic less than in size that are increasingly found in soil. Their primary environmental concern, beyond physical impediment, is their ability to:

19. The increase in radiation due to ozone depletion can weaken the immune system in humans, leading to:

20. A scientist measures the of two rain samples: Sample X has and Sample Y has . By what factor is the hydrogen ion concentration () higher in Sample Y compared to Sample X?

1. The formation of harmful ground-level ozone () in the troposphere requires the presence of which three key components?

2. The increase in radiation due to ozone depletion can weaken the immune system in humans, leading to:

3. Fly ash is a common type of solid waste generated by which major industrial sector?

4. The dense surface growth of algae, known as an algal bloom, affects water quality negatively by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

5. The accumulation of which highly toxic heavy metal in rice paddies, often originating from mine waste and smelting activities, is responsible for the painful Itai-Itai disease (Ouch-Ouch disease)?

6. The National Green Tribunal () in India was established in 2010 to handle cases related to:

7. Photochemical smog is a mixture of several chemical species. Which compound among the following is a product of the reaction between unburnt hydrocarbons and in the presence of sunlight, making it a key component and a lachrymator (tear gas)?

8. The formation of ozone () from molecular oxygen () is an exothermic process. Which chemical equation represents the first step of ozone formation in the Chapman Cycle?

9. Emission standards, such as India's Bharat Stage (BS) norms or Europe's Euro standards, aim primarily to control the quantity of:

10. The production of biodiesel from vegetable oils or animal fats via transesterification is a key application of Green Chemistry because it:

11. Which major source of water pollution is the largest contributor to the pathogen load and the high Biochemical Oxygen Demand () in rivers and lakes?

12. The formation of the protective stratospheric ozone layer () is primarily initiated by which process?

13. Acid rain causes severe damage to historical monuments and buildings made of marble (). This decay process is chemically represented by the reaction:

14. In agricultural practices, the application of which group of chemicals is a major source of persistent soil and water pollution due to their highly stable, non-biodegradable nature?

15. In industrial processes, a catalytic converter is most frequently used to eliminate which major class of air pollutants?

16. Which category of pollution is characterized by the excessive accumulation of nitrates and phosphates in surface water bodies, often leading to the excessive growth of algae?

17. How does the presence of non-biodegradable plastics (like microplastics) in agricultural soil negatively impact crop yield?

18. The removal of Nitric Oxide () from the atmosphere in the smog cycle occurs when it reacts with ozone. The balanced chemical equation for this removal step is:

19. The most significant and persistent area of stratospheric ozone depletion, often referred to as the "ozone hole," occurs annually over which geographical area?

20. The primary reason why the persistent pesticide is biomagnified in the food chain is due to its characteristic of being:

21. The primary environmental concern resulting from the depletion of the protective stratospheric ozone layer is:

22. Classical smog is also often referred to as Reducing Smog because of the chemical nature of its primary gaseous component. Which gas gives it this reducing character?

23. Beyond direct toxicity, acid rain indirectly promotes a dangerous form of water pollution by:

24. A significant consequence of thermal pollution in water bodies is the severe stress placed on fish and aquatic organisms due to:

25. The primary visible effect of Sulphur Dioxide () on plant life is:

26. The primary function of a three-way catalytic converter in a gasoline engine vehicle is to treat which three main pollutants simultaneously?

27. A method of solid waste disposal that involves the thermal decomposition of organic material at high temperatures (typically to ) in the complete absence of oxygen is known as:

28. Which of the following is the most suitable example of a biodegradable pollutant?

29. Which of the following is an effective strategy to reduce the formation of photochemical smog in a heavily polluted urban area?

30. Which international agreement, signed in 1987, is recognized as the most successful treaty in history for phasing out the production of ozone-depleting substances () like ?

1. If the concentration of in the atmosphere is measured at (parts per million) during a smog event, and a sample of of air is collected at , the approximate volume of present is:

2. The long-term presence of certain pesticides in the soil can disrupt the natural biogeochemical cycles, primarily by:

3. The Environment (Protection) Act of 1986 was enacted by the Indian Parliament primarily in response to which major industrial disaster?

4. The primary difference between tropospheric pollution and stratospheric pollution is based on:

5. A common system used to reduce the emission of unburnt Hydrocarbons () / from the fuel tank and carburetor (evaporative emissions) is the:

6. The use of certain persistent herbicides in agriculture can damage the soil by:

7. Acid rain is defined as precipitation having a value lower than the natural of rain, which is:

8. The localized phenomenon where acidic particles ( and derivatives) are trapped and concentrated within low-hanging, damp air is referred to as:

9. The world's largest natural sink (storage area) for atmospheric is:

10. Which statement is an inherent goal of Green Chemistry principles?

11. Increased radiation reaching the Earth's surface due to ozone depletion poses the most significant health risk in the form of:

12. A key application of Green Chemistry is the replacement of highly toxic heavy metal catalysts (e.g., Lead or Mercury) with more environmentally benign alternatives, such as:

13. Which atmospheric condition, apart from the presence of and , is absolutely essential for the formation of significant concentrations of photochemical smog?

14. Which water-borne disease, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, is strongly linked to the consumption of water or food contaminated by raw sewage?

15. The primary health effect of acute exposure to high concentrations of Ozone () in photochemical smog on humans is:

16. Which debilitating human disease is associated with the consumption of water or food contaminated by Cadmium (), a heavy metal released primarily in industrial effluents?

17. are effective fire extinguishing agents but pose a severe risk to the ozone layer. This class of compounds contains which highly efficient ozone-depleting element in addition to chlorine?

18. Global Warming Potential () is a metric used to compare the warming impact of different greenhouse gases. is calculated based on the gas's ability to absorb infrared radiation and its:

19. The key challenge that the development of lignocellulosic biofuels (from agricultural waste like stalks and wood chips) attempts to solve, in alignment with Green Chemistry, is:

20. Which of the following is an effect of ozone layer depletion on terrestrial plants and agriculture?

21. Pollutants are classified based on their formation into primary and secondary pollutants. Which of the following correctly describes a secondary pollutant?

22. The most significant source contributing to the high Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels in river water is:

23. A key pathway by which radioactive contaminants from industrial or medical sources enter and pollute the soil is through:

24. The process of Biomagnification is characterized by the pollutant concentration increasing sequentially in which part of the ecosystem structure?

25. The increase in the temperature of a water body, often leading to a reduction in its dissolved oxygen content, known as thermal pollution, is predominantly caused by the discharge of:

26. Acid rain pollutants can travel hundreds of kilometres from their source before deposition occurs. This is an example of a characteristic environmental issue classified as:

27. Which category of pollution is characterized by the excessive accumulation of nitrates and phosphates in surface water bodies, often leading to the excessive growth of algae?

28. A membrane filtration process used in liquid industrial waste treatment that separates even dissolved salts and small organic molecules from water under pressure is:

29. The process of converting organic solid waste (like vegetable and food scraps) into a nutrient-rich soil amendment through aerobic decomposition by microorganisms is called:

30. Which of the following particulate pollutants is best categorized as a liquid aerosol?

31. Which natural reservoir is considered the largest sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide ()?

32. The dense surface growth of algae, known as an algal bloom, affects water quality negatively by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

33. The primary mechanism by which persistent soil pollutants like heavy metals () and organochlorine pesticides negatively impact human health is through:

34. Which Green Chemistry principle is summarized by the statement: "It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been formed"?

35. The key difference between Green Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry is that:

36. The highly toxic compound formed in photochemical smog that acts as a strong eye irritant and respiratory toxin, often summarized by the formula , is:

37. The complete chemical formula for Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN), a key secondary pollutant in photochemical smog, is:

38. What property of allows them to survive the troposphere without being broken down by rain or chemical reactions, enabling them to eventually reach the stratosphere?

39. Which of these pollutants, historically used as a pesticide, is the classic example of a compound that undergoes significant biomagnification in both aquatic and terrestrial food chains, leading to detrimental effects on top predators like raptors?

40. Green Chemistry is fundamentally defined as the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Who coined this term and pioneered the concept?

41. Ocean acidification is a direct consequence of increasing atmospheric . The chemical reaction that causes the ocean's to drop is the reacting with water () to form:

42. Emission standards, such as India's Bharat Stage (BS) norms or Europe's Euro standards, aim primarily to control the quantity of:

43. Which concept emphasizes that it is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been formed?

44. Which disposal method for gaseous industrial waste involves passing the gas through a liquid (often water or an alkaline solution) to remove pollutants like and ?

45. The solubility characteristic of many major soil pollutants, such as heavy metals and certain ionic compounds, that makes them non-leaching (i.e., less likely to wash away) is:

46. The sudden and massive death of fish and other aquatic life in lakes during early spring is often linked to acid rain. This specific phenomenon is technically known as:

47. The formation of harmful ground-level ozone () in the troposphere requires the presence of which three key components?

48. Photochemical smog is most likely to occur in geographical areas characterized by:

49. Microplastics are fragments of plastic less than in size that are increasingly found in soil. Their primary environmental concern, beyond physical impediment, is their ability to:

50. The overall chemical equation representing the formation of the strong acid () from Nitrogen Dioxide () in the atmosphere is: