Class 11 Chemistry — Chapter 13: Hydrocarbons Online Test

1. The term "polynuclear" in refers to the presence of:

2. The primary reason the Methyl group () is an activating and -directing group is its ability to donate electrons via:

3. When the product of a Friedel–Crafts acylation () is treated with and concentrated (Clemmensen Reduction), the final product obtained is a:

4. The final step in the halogenation mechanism is the regeneration of the catalyst and the aromatic ring. This involves the removal of which species from the complex?

5. In the reaction , the bond of the benzene ring is broken, and a new bond is formed. This step is a characteristic of:

6. The overall nitration reaction is written as: . How is this reaction classified in terms of heat change?

7. The initial slow step in the mechanism of benzene nitration involves the attack of the electrophile on the benzene ring to form:

8. The addition of water () to Ethyne () in the presence of and yields an intermediate enol, which quickly tautomerizes to form the final product:

9. After an alkyne salt () is formed using , how is the neutral terminal alkyne () typically regenerated?

10. Starting with 1,1-Dichloropropane and performing double dehydrohalogenation, what is the final alkyne product?

11. The carbon atoms involved in the triple bond of an alkyne are linked by which combination of bonds?

12. Ozonolysis of an unknown alkene yields () and (). Identify the structure of the starting alkene.

13. Halogenation of an alkene with or results in the formation of which type of product?

14. The conversion of a vicinal dihalide () to an alkene requires treatment with:

15. The compound 2,3-Dimethylbut-2-ene does not show geometrical isomerism because:

16. The two carbon atoms involved in the double bond of an alkene are linked by which combination of bonds?

17. Decarboxylation is considered a useful method for:

18. What is the molecular formula for -Hexane?

19. What is the approximate bond length in a typical alkyne, such as Ethyne ()?

20. How many sigma () and pi () bonds are present in Propene ()?

1. What is the molecular formula for -Hexane?

2. Which of the following is the monomer used to produce Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)?

3. The complex formed between the Lewis acid () and the halogen () that generates the electrophile can be represented as:

4. The electrophilic substitution reactions are characteristic of aromatic compounds because:

5. Starting with 1,1-Dichloropropane and performing double dehydrohalogenation, what is the final alkyne product?

6. According to Hückel's rule, for a compound to be considered aromatic, the number of electrons in the fully conjugated cyclic system must satisfy which formula?

7. The Cyclopropenyl cation (a three-membered ring with one positive charge) is aromatic because it satisfies Hückel's rule with which total number of electrons?

8. Which catalyst is used to selectively stop the hydrogenation of an alkyne at the alkene stage (i.e., synthesize an alkene from an alkyne)?

9. What is the sum of the stoichiometric coefficients of and in the balanced equation for the complete combustion of Propane ()?

10. What is the sum of the stoichiometric coefficients of and in the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of Pentane ()?

11. If a benzene ring is substituted with both a group (strongly activating, ) and a atom (deactivating, ), where will the next electrophile predominantly substitute?

12. According to Hückel's Rule, which of the following -electron counts is characteristic of an anti-aromatic compound?

13. Benzene is best represented by the resonance hybrid structure because:

14. Ozonolysis of Propene () followed by reductive workup yields which two main products?

15. How many bonds and bonds are present in the molecule Propyne ()?

16. Which statement accurately describes the relationship between -Hexane and 2-Methylpentane?

17. Which of the following classes of hydrocarbons is generally called Paraffins?

18. Which of the following substituents is a strongly activating and -directing group?

19. What is the IUPAC name of the product obtained when Ethyne reacts with excess Bromine water ( in )?

20. When naming a substituted benzene derivative, the two substituents are at the 1 and 3 positions. Which common prefix is used to denote this arrangement?

21. The initial step in the sulfonation of benzene involves the attack of the electrophile on the -cloud of benzene, forming an intermediate known as a:

22. The resonance energy of benzene is approximately . This high resonance energy indicates that benzene is:

23. The addition of water () to Ethyne () in the presence of and yields an intermediate enol, which quickly tautomerizes to form the final product:

24. The halogenation of benzene requires a catalyst, specifically a Lewis acid, because:

25. The number of chain isomers possible for the molecular formula (Pentane) is:

26. An alkene yields one mole of and one mole of (Methyl Ethyl Ketone) upon ozonolysis. What was the starting alkene?

27. Which of the following human activities is LEAST likely to produce or expose individuals to significant amounts of PAHs?

28. How many total bonds and bonds are present in a molecule of But-2-yne ()?

29. A compound with the molecular formula can represent either a simple alkyne or:

30. Chain isomerism is not possible for which of the following simple alkanes?

1. Treatment of a terminal alkyne with a strong base like followed by reaction with an alkyl halide () is an effective method for:

2. If the temperature is too high during the nitration of benzene, the formation of which product is favored?

3. A compound is classified as non-aromatic if:

4. Which of the following human activities is LEAST likely to produce or expose individuals to significant amounts of PAHs?

5. Chain isomerism is not possible for which of the following simple alkanes?

6. The nitration of benzene is an example of which general class of organic reaction?

7. If the nitration of Toluene () is performed, the major products formed will be:

8. The reaction of Prop-1-yne () with Tollen's reagent produces:

9. Which compound exhibits Chain Isomerism with -Butane ()?

10. The mechanism by which is damaged by the reactive metabolites of PAHs is termed:

11. The two carbon atoms involved in the double bond of an alkene are linked by which combination of bonds?

12. When Methane is heated with oxygen at high pressure () in the presence of Copper () catalyst, the primary product is:

13. A cyclic, planar, fully conjugated system that contains electrons (e.g., electrons) is classified as:

14. What is the common name of the alkane with four carbon atoms that exhibits chain isomerism with -Butane?

15. Which reagent combination is typically used for the decarboxylation of a sodium carboxylate salt () to form an alkane?

16. Which of the following conditions favors the highest yield of mononitration of benzene?

17. What is the general molecular formula for an acyclic alkyne containing one carbon-carbon triple bond?

18. Which of the following classes of hydrocarbons is generally called Paraffins?

19. The reaction of an alkene with hydrogen gas () in the presence of a metal catalyst (, , or ) is known as:

20. Which of the following reagents will react with But-1-yne but not with But-2-yne?

21. The initial slow step in the mechanism of benzene nitration involves the attack of the electrophile on the benzene ring to form:

22. Which rule governs the major product formed during the dehydrohalogenation (removal of ) of a secondary alkyl halide?

23. Which reagent is typically used for the first dehydrohalogenation step when converting a vicinal dihalide (e.g., 1,2-Dibromopropane) into a haloalkene?

24. What is the minimum number of carbon atoms required for a compound to be classified as an alkyne?

25. Ozonolysis of 2-Butene () followed by treatment with yields which product?

26. A crucial difference in the required starting materials for Alkylation versus Acylation is that Acylation uses an acyl halide () or an acid anhydride, while Alkylation uses:

27. Which of the following substituents is a strongly activating and -directing group?

28. What are the products of the ozonolysis of 2-Methylbut-2-ene ()?

29. When a substituent donates electrons to the ring via resonance, the electron density is primarily increased at which positions?

30. The conversion of a compound from the enol form to the keto form is an example of which specialized type of isomerism?

31. What is the correct name for the compound ?

32. A compound with the molecular formula can be either an alkene or a cycloalkane. This is an example of which type of isomerism?

33. The reaction of Toluene with an excess of Bromine () in the presence of yields the major organic product (Y). What is (Y)?

34. Why does the Friedel–Crafts Alkylation reaction often result in polysubstitution (addition of multiple alkyl groups)?

35. The bond angle around the carbon atoms of the double bond in an alkene is approximately:

36. Terminal alkynes (e.g., Ethyne) are characterized by the presence of an acidic hydrogen atom. The acidity is primarily due to the:

37. Which of the following is a disadvantage of the Kolbe's electrolytic synthesis method for preparing alkanes?

38. The treatment of Ethyne () with a hot iron tube at results in which major product?

39. Halogenation of an alkene with or results in the formation of which type of product?

40. Unlike the purely cationic sigma complexes formed in Nitration or Halogenation, the sigma complex intermediate formed during the Sulfonation of Benzene is best described as:

41. When Prop-1-yne is hydrated (), the final product is (Acetone). This is because the initial addition follows Markownikov's rule, placing the group on:

42. In the preparation of ethene () via Kolbe's electrolytic method, the starting material is the aqueous solution of the sodium or potassium salt of which carboxylic acid?

43. The stability of the Benzene ring is due to the fact that all six carbon atoms are:

44. Which of the following is an advantage of Friedel–Crafts Acylation over Alkylation?

45. All -directing groups are characterized by having:

46. When an unsymmetrical alcohol like Pentan-2-ol is dehydrated, which type of alkene is predominantly formed?

47. The decomposition of a higher alkane into a mixture of lower alkanes, alkenes, and hydrogen by heating it to a high temperature is called:

48. The term "polynuclear" in refers to the presence of:

49. Ozonolysis of Propene () followed by reductive workup yields which two main products?

50. The final step in the halogenation mechanism is the regeneration of the catalyst and the aromatic ring. This involves the removal of which species from the complex?