Class 11 Chemistry — Chapter 14: Environmental Chemistry Online Test

1. Nitric Oxide () plays a catalytic role in the depletion of ozone within the stratosphere, according to the reaction . In this cycle, the then reacts with an oxygen atom () to regenerate the catalyst , completing the cycle. This cycle converts ozone into:

2. Persistent Organic Pollutants () like and are difficult to remove from the environment primarily because they are:

3. The localized phenomenon where acidic particles ( and derivatives) are trapped and concentrated within low-hanging, damp air is referred to as:

4. Green Chemistry is fundamentally defined as the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Who coined this term and pioneered the concept?

5. The National Green Tribunal () in India was established in 2010 to handle cases related to:

6. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation () system is an emission control technology used to reduce which specific pollutant?

7. For gaseous pollutants, the disposal method that involves passing the gas through a solid material (e.g., activated carbon) to trap the chemical compounds on its large surface area is:

8. Organic load (high and ) and toxic, non-biodegradable synthetic chemicals (e.g., dyes, solvents) are the primary contaminants in the liquid effluent from which industrial sector?

9. Chronic exposure to Cadmium () from contaminated soil and crops can primarily lead to severe damage and dysfunction in which major organ system?

10. Methemoglobinemia (Blue Baby Syndrome), where the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity is reduced, is a consequence of ingesting contaminated drinking water primarily high in which agricultural pollutant?

11. Organochlorine compounds, such as and Lindane, are highly non-biodegradable and persist in the environment, exhibiting the phenomenon of biomagnification. Which source is the primary origin of these pollutants in aquatic systems?

12. atoms like chlorine and bromine are extremely damaging to ozone because they are:

13. are effective fire extinguishing agents but pose a severe risk to the ozone layer. This class of compounds contains which highly efficient ozone-depleting element in addition to chlorine?

14. What property of allows them to survive the troposphere without being broken down by rain or chemical reactions, enabling them to eventually reach the stratosphere?

15. If the concentration of in the atmosphere is measured at (parts per million) during a smog event, and a sample of of air is collected at , the approximate volume of present is:

16. The major gaseous primary pollutant responsible for the formation of acid rain is:

17. Which characteristic of biodegradable plastics () prevents them from becoming a long-term problem in landfills and the marine environment?

18. Microplastics are fragments of plastic less than in size that are increasingly found in soil. Their primary environmental concern, beyond physical impediment, is their ability to:

19. The increase in radiation due to ozone depletion can weaken the immune system in humans, leading to:

20. A scientist measures the of two rain samples: Sample X has and Sample Y has . By what factor is the hydrogen ion concentration () higher in Sample Y compared to Sample X?

1. The industrial strategy of using the waste product from one manufacturing process as a raw material in a different industrial process (e.g., using fly ash in cement production) is called:

2. Which atmospheric condition, apart from the presence of and , is absolutely essential for the formation of significant concentrations of photochemical smog?

3. Fly ash is a common type of solid waste generated by which major industrial sector?

4. Which of the following wavelength ranges of radiation is known to have the highest energy and is almost entirely absorbed by the stratosphere's oxygen () and ozone ()?

5. The sudden and massive death of fish and other aquatic life in lakes during early spring is often linked to acid rain. This specific phenomenon is technically known as:

6. Recycling a material back into the production process after it has served its original purpose is categorized as which type of pollution control measure?

7. Which of the following is an effect of ozone layer depletion on terrestrial plants and agriculture?

8. In addition to skin cancer and cataracts, increased radiation is harmful to polymer materials and paints used in construction and vehicles, causing them to:

9. The excessive nutrient load that drives eutrophication primarily stimulates the massive growth of:

10. According to Green Chemistry, maximizing atom economy means that in a chemical reaction:

11. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation () system in a vehicle controls emissions by lowering the combustion temperature. Lowering the temperature directly suppresses the formation of which pollutant?

12. The presence of which type of microorganism is commonly used as a primary indicator to detect contamination from human fecal matter (domestic sewage) in a water sample?

13. Compressed Natural Gas () is often preferred over conventional gasoline or diesel as a fuel for public transport because it produces significantly lower emissions of:

14. The accumulation of which highly toxic heavy metal in rice paddies, often originating from mine waste and smelting activities, is responsible for the painful Itai-Itai disease (Ouch-Ouch disease)?

15. Which of the following is a key chemical reaction that contributes to the adverse effects of Classical Smog on materials like limestone or marble statues?

16. Gaseous industrial waste is primarily released through which infrastructure component?

17. Before disposal, hazardous liquid industrial waste is often stabilized and solidified by mixing it with materials like cement or lime. This pre-disposal method is known as:

18. What is the main chemical species released from Chlorofluorocarbons () in the stratosphere that acts as a catalyst for ozone depletion?

19. Which common industrial pollution control device is designed to remove particulate matter () from the exhaust gas stream by using an electrical charge to attract the particles to collection plates?

20. The natural process of ozone formation in the stratosphere is an equilibrium process known as the Chapman Cycle. The overall effect of this cycle is to convert which form of energy into heat, regulating stratospheric temperature?

21. The key challenge that the development of lignocellulosic biofuels (from agricultural waste like stalks and wood chips) attempts to solve, in alignment with Green Chemistry, is:

22. A key application of Green Chemistry is the replacement of highly toxic heavy metal catalysts (e.g., Lead or Mercury) with more environmentally benign alternatives, such as:

23. Closed-loop recycling for industrial wastewater is a waste minimization technique that achieves:

24. Acid rain causes severe damage to historical monuments and buildings made of marble (). This decay process is chemically represented by the reaction:

25. Which statement is an inherent goal of Green Chemistry principles?

26. atoms like chlorine and bromine are extremely damaging to ozone because they are:

27. Nitric Oxide () plays a catalytic role in the depletion of ozone within the stratosphere, according to the reaction . In this cycle, the then reacts with an oxygen atom () to regenerate the catalyst , completing the cycle. This cycle converts ozone into:

28. Chronic exposure to Cadmium () from contaminated soil and crops can primarily lead to severe damage and dysfunction in which major organ system?

29. Which of the following is the primary gaseous pollutant released from petrol and diesel vehicles that contributes to the formation of ground-level ozone and photochemical smog?

30. Principle 10, "Design for Degradation," is applied to a chemical product to ensure it does what after its intended function is complete?

1. The most severe human health effect associated with acute exposure to Classical Smog is:

2. A substance present in nature, but whose concentration has significantly increased due to human activity to a level that causes adverse effects on living organisms and the environment, is termed a:

3. Closed-loop recycling for industrial wastewater is a waste minimization technique that achieves:

4. How does the presence of non-biodegradable plastics (like microplastics) in agricultural soil negatively impact crop yield?

5. In countries that rely on coal for electricity generation, the most abundant gaseous pollutant released from thermal power plants that contributes to atmospheric pollution is:

6. Which specific agricultural effect results from the low conditions caused by soil pollution, leading to the dissolution of aluminum from clay minerals?

7. Which major source of water pollution is the largest contributor to the pathogen load and the high Biochemical Oxygen Demand () in rivers and lakes?

8. A process used to treat liquid waste containing high concentrations of dissolved heavy metals, where a chemical agent is added to convert the soluble metal ions into insoluble compounds that can be filtered out, is:

9. How does the release of Chlorofluorocarbons () cause the depletion of stratospheric ozone ()?

10. Which principle requires that analytical methodologies should be developed to allow for continuous monitoring and control of a chemical process during synthesis to minimize the formation of hazardous substances?

11. Acid rain pollutants can travel hundreds of kilometres from their source before deposition occurs. This is an example of a characteristic environmental issue classified as:

12. The primary effect of introducing large quantities of biodegradable organic matter (from sewage) into a water body is measured by its:

13. Fly ash is a common type of solid waste generated by which major industrial sector?

14. atoms like chlorine and bromine are extremely damaging to ozone because they are:

15. () like smoke, dust, and aerosols released from industrial smokestacks is categorized as which type of gaseous pollutant?

16. A key pathway by which radioactive contaminants from industrial or medical sources enter and pollute the soil is through:

17. The National Green Tribunal () in India was established in 2010 to handle cases related to:

18. The overall net reaction for the catalytic destruction of ozone by chlorine is:

19. The formation of harmful ground-level ozone () in the troposphere requires the presence of which three key components?

20. Herbicides (weed killers) are a major source of soil pollution. The primary mode of degradation for most modern organic herbicides in the soil environment is:

21. Considering the rate of degradation, which of the following is the best example of a non-biodegradable pollutant?

22. Which ozone-depleting substance has a high Ozone Depletion Potential () because it contains three chlorine atoms and was historically used in solvents and fire extinguishers?

23. Solvent-free reactions (or solid-state synthesis) directly address which two major principles of Green Chemistry?

24. Which of the following is the primary chemical characteristic of Classical Smog (also known as reducing smog or London Smog)?

25. The formation of ground-level ozone () in photochemical smog is initiated by the absorption of sunlight by a primary pollutant. The first step involves the photodissociation of:

26. Acid rain causes severe damage to historical monuments and buildings made of marble (). This decay process is chemically represented by the reaction:

27. Despite the success of the Montreal Protocol, scientists estimate that the stratospheric ozone layer will not return to pre-1980 levels globally until approximately:

28. Which heavy metal impurity, if present in fuel, will permanently poison and render a vehicular catalytic converter useless?

29. The formation of the protective stratospheric ozone layer () is primarily initiated by which process?

30. Which debilitating human disease is associated with the consumption of water or food contaminated by Cadmium (), a heavy metal released primarily in industrial effluents?

31. The solubility characteristic of many major soil pollutants, such as heavy metals and certain ionic compounds, that makes them non-leaching (i.e., less likely to wash away) is:

32. Which concept emphasizes that it is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been formed?

33. Acid rain is formed when water vapor in the atmosphere reacts with the oxides of Sulphur and Nitrogen. The two primary gaseous precursors are:

34. The use of certain persistent herbicides in agriculture can damage the soil by:

35. Which of the following is an effect of ozone layer depletion on terrestrial plants and agriculture?

36. Which waste minimization technique focuses on changing the raw materials or process steps to reduce the volume or toxicity of the waste stream at the source?

37. The natural process of ozone () formation in the stratosphere is represented by the overall equation:

38. The process of converting organic solid waste (like vegetable and food scraps) into a nutrient-rich soil amendment through aerobic decomposition by microorganisms is called:

39. The primary effect of introducing large quantities of biodegradable organic matter (from sewage) into a water body is measured by its:

40. In the formation of photochemical smog, the highly reactive species that contributes significantly to rapid chemical cycling and the formation of and is the:

41. The most significant way soil pollution contributes to water-borne diseases in the local human population is by:

42. The Green Chemistry principle "Use of Renewable Feedstocks" most directly encourages the shift from using materials derived from which source?

43. A major harmful effect associated with the presence of non-biodegradable pollutants in the environment is:

44. Methane () has a much shorter atmospheric lifetime (about 12 years) compared to Carbon Dioxide () (hundreds of years). Despite this, Methane is considered a very potent greenhouse gas because its Global Warming Potential () over a 100-year period is:

45. The Environment (Protection) Act of 1986 was enacted by the Indian Parliament primarily in response to which major industrial disaster?

46. In the context of Green Chemistry, the synthesis of many polymers is moving toward polycondensation (step-growth) reactions in the solid state rather than traditional solution polymerization. This shift is primarily to avoid the massive use of:

47. The increase in the temperature of a water body, often leading to a reduction in its dissolved oxygen content, known as thermal pollution, is predominantly caused by the discharge of:

48. To combat pollution from automobile exhaust, vehicles are equipped with catalytic converters. These devices primarily work by facilitating what type of chemical reaction on the harmful gaseous emissions?

49. Green Chemistry is often summarized by its reliance on 12 Principles. These principles aim to make chemical synthesis processes:

50. Which layer of the atmosphere is closest to the Earth's surface, extends up to approximately at the poles, and contains all the air that living organisms breathe?