Class 11 Chemistry — Chapter 14: Environmental Chemistry Online Test

1. Nitric Oxide () plays a catalytic role in the depletion of ozone within the stratosphere, according to the reaction . In this cycle, the then reacts with an oxygen atom () to regenerate the catalyst , completing the cycle. This cycle converts ozone into:

2. Persistent Organic Pollutants () like and are difficult to remove from the environment primarily because they are:

3. The localized phenomenon where acidic particles ( and derivatives) are trapped and concentrated within low-hanging, damp air is referred to as:

4. Green Chemistry is fundamentally defined as the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Who coined this term and pioneered the concept?

5. The National Green Tribunal () in India was established in 2010 to handle cases related to:

6. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation () system is an emission control technology used to reduce which specific pollutant?

7. For gaseous pollutants, the disposal method that involves passing the gas through a solid material (e.g., activated carbon) to trap the chemical compounds on its large surface area is:

8. Organic load (high and ) and toxic, non-biodegradable synthetic chemicals (e.g., dyes, solvents) are the primary contaminants in the liquid effluent from which industrial sector?

9. Chronic exposure to Cadmium () from contaminated soil and crops can primarily lead to severe damage and dysfunction in which major organ system?

10. Methemoglobinemia (Blue Baby Syndrome), where the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity is reduced, is a consequence of ingesting contaminated drinking water primarily high in which agricultural pollutant?

11. Organochlorine compounds, such as and Lindane, are highly non-biodegradable and persist in the environment, exhibiting the phenomenon of biomagnification. Which source is the primary origin of these pollutants in aquatic systems?

12. atoms like chlorine and bromine are extremely damaging to ozone because they are:

13. are effective fire extinguishing agents but pose a severe risk to the ozone layer. This class of compounds contains which highly efficient ozone-depleting element in addition to chlorine?

14. What property of allows them to survive the troposphere without being broken down by rain or chemical reactions, enabling them to eventually reach the stratosphere?

15. If the concentration of in the atmosphere is measured at (parts per million) during a smog event, and a sample of of air is collected at , the approximate volume of present is:

16. The major gaseous primary pollutant responsible for the formation of acid rain is:

17. Which characteristic of biodegradable plastics () prevents them from becoming a long-term problem in landfills and the marine environment?

18. Microplastics are fragments of plastic less than in size that are increasingly found in soil. Their primary environmental concern, beyond physical impediment, is their ability to:

19. The increase in radiation due to ozone depletion can weaken the immune system in humans, leading to:

20. A scientist measures the of two rain samples: Sample X has and Sample Y has . By what factor is the hydrogen ion concentration () higher in Sample Y compared to Sample X?

1. The primary source of Sulphur Oxides () emissions globally is the combustion of:

2. The Environment (Protection) Act of 1986 was enacted by the Indian Parliament primarily in response to which major industrial disaster?

3. The long-term presence of certain pesticides in the soil can disrupt the natural biogeochemical cycles, primarily by:

4. The production of biodiesel from vegetable oils or animal fats via transesterification is a key application of Green Chemistry because it:

5. Fly ash is a common type of solid waste generated by which major industrial sector?

6. Which of the following is considered a secondary pollutant?

7. Solvent-free reactions (or solid-state synthesis) directly address which two major principles of Green Chemistry?

8. Thermal oxidation (or Afterburners) is an industrial control method that treats gaseous waste by:

9. The primary difference between tropospheric pollution and stratospheric pollution is based on:

10. The discharge of untreated wastewater containing toxic heavy metals like Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury into rivers and streams primarily originates from which major source?

11. The increase in radiation due to ozone depletion can weaken the immune system in humans, leading to:

12. Classical Smog episodes, like the Great Smog of London in 1952, typically occur under which combination of climatic conditions?

13. Which ozone-depleting substance has a high Ozone Depletion Potential () because it contains three chlorine atoms and was historically used in solvents and fire extinguishers?

14. Which of these pollutants, historically used as a pesticide, is the classic example of a compound that undergoes significant biomagnification in both aquatic and terrestrial food chains, leading to detrimental effects on top predators like raptors?

15. The most efficient way to reduce the impact of stratospheric pollution by and is:

16. The primary visible effect of Sulphur Dioxide () on plant life is:

17. The primary advantage of replacing fossil fuel vehicles with electric vehicles () in terms of air quality control is the elimination of:

18. Nitric Oxide () plays a catalytic role in the depletion of ozone within the stratosphere, according to the reaction . In this cycle, the then reacts with an oxygen atom () to regenerate the catalyst , completing the cycle. This cycle converts ozone into:

19. Which water-borne disease, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, is strongly linked to the consumption of water or food contaminated by raw sewage?

20. The industrial strategy of using the waste product from one manufacturing process as a raw material in a different industrial process (e.g., using fly ash in cement production) is called:

21. The most significant way soil pollution contributes to water-borne diseases in the local human population is by:

22. Green Chemistry primarily focuses on minimizing hazards related to which three areas of chemical practice?

23. The removal of Nitric Oxide () from the atmosphere in the smog cycle occurs when it reacts with ozone. The balanced chemical equation for this removal step is:

24. The localized phenomenon where acidic particles ( and derivatives) are trapped and concentrated within low-hanging, damp air is referred to as:

25. Which of the following particulate pollutants is best categorized as a liquid aerosol?

26. A process used to treat liquid waste containing high concentrations of dissolved heavy metals, where a chemical agent is added to convert the soluble metal ions into insoluble compounds that can be filtered out, is:

27. The characteristic brownish haze or yellowish-brown colour often observed in photochemical smog is primarily due to the presence of which gas?

28. The primary reason Green Chemistry emphasizes the use of safer solvents and reaction conditions is to reduce the risk associated with:

29. What is the single largest anthropogenic source of Carbon Monoxide () and unburnt hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of metropolitan cities?

30. The overall net reaction for the catalytic destruction of ozone by chlorine is:

1. The main source of radioactive waste pollution in soil that comes from non-military or non-power plant origins is typically:

2. The most severe human health effect associated with acute exposure to Classical Smog is:

3. The most significant and persistent area of stratospheric ozone depletion, often referred to as the "ozone hole," occurs annually over which geographical area?

4. Recycling a material back into the production process after it has served its original purpose is categorized as which type of pollution control measure?

5. The primary source of Sulphur Oxides () emissions globally is the combustion of:

6. Which of the following is the most suitable example of a biodegradable pollutant?

7. Soil pollution by Lead () poses a major human health threat, especially in children, primarily because it:

8. Acid rain is defined as precipitation having a value lower than the natural of rain, which is:

9. A significant consequence of thermal pollution in water bodies is the severe stress placed on fish and aquatic organisms due to:

10. A key pathway by which radioactive contaminants from industrial or medical sources enter and pollute the soil is through:

11. The excessive nutrient load that drives eutrophication primarily stimulates the massive growth of:

12. Besides , which other class of compounds primarily found in agricultural emissions and high-altitude aircraft exhaust acts as a precursor for ozone-depleting radicals in the stratosphere?

13. The dense surface growth of algae, known as an algal bloom, affects water quality negatively by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

14. The industrial concept that emphasizes designing products for easier reuse, repair, and recyclability at the end of their life cycle is known as:

15. Wet scrubbers are highly effective for removing both gaseous pollutants and particulate matter. The removal of gaseous pollutants () is achieved primarily through:

16. The ozone destruction process is a chain reaction where a single chlorine radical can destroy many molecules before it is finally removed from the cycle. This makes the reaction:

17. The primary mechanism by which persistent soil pollutants like heavy metals () and organochlorine pesticides negatively impact human health is through:

18. A method of solid waste disposal that involves the thermal decomposition of organic material at high temperatures (typically to ) in the complete absence of oxygen is known as:

19. In countries that rely on coal for electricity generation, the most abundant gaseous pollutant released from thermal power plants that contributes to atmospheric pollution is:

20. () like smoke, dust, and aerosols released from industrial smokestacks is categorized as which type of gaseous pollutant?

21. Which of the following wavelength ranges of radiation is known to have the highest energy and is almost entirely absorbed by the stratosphere's oxygen () and ozone ()?

22. Which concept emphasizes that it is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been formed?

23. A chemical treatment process used to neutralize highly acidic or basic liquid industrial waste (effluents) before discharge or further treatment is:

24. In water quality testing, a Biochemical Oxygen Demand () value greater than which amount generally indicates a highly polluted water source unsuitable for sustaining fish life?

25. Global Warming Potential () is a metric used to compare the warming impact of different greenhouse gases. is calculated based on the gas's ability to absorb infrared radiation and its:

26. The most significant way soil pollution contributes to water-borne diseases in the local human population is by:

27. Which disposal method for gaseous industrial waste involves passing the gas through a liquid (often water or an alkaline solution) to remove pollutants like and ?

28. The characteristic brownish haze or yellowish-brown colour often observed in photochemical smog is primarily due to the presence of which gas?

29. Which of these pollutants, historically used as a pesticide, is the classic example of a compound that undergoes significant biomagnification in both aquatic and terrestrial food chains, leading to detrimental effects on top predators like raptors?

30. Environmental pollution is defined as the effect of undesirable changes in our surroundings that have harmful effects on plants, animals, and human beings. Which of the following is NOT classified as a major segment of the environment in environmental chemistry?

31. Herbicides (weed killers) are a major source of soil pollution. The primary mode of degradation for most modern organic herbicides in the soil environment is:

32. The use of leaded gasoline was phased out globally primarily because lead compounds:

33. The key challenge presented by plastic waste (e.g., polythene bags) as a soil pollutant is that it:

34. In the Antarctic stratosphere, the presence of Polar Stratospheric Clouds () catalyzes which crucial conversion that sets the stage for the ozone hole formation in spring?

35. The major gaseous primary pollutant responsible for the formation of acid rain is:

36. A major difference between Classical Smog and Photochemical Smog in terms of the main source of precursors is:

37. The discharge of untreated wastewater containing toxic heavy metals like Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury into rivers and streams primarily originates from which major source?

38. Which layer of the atmosphere is closest to the Earth's surface, extends up to approximately at the poles, and contains all the air that living organisms breathe?

39. Incineration is a high-temperature thermal treatment method often used for hazardous solid or semi-solid industrial waste. The primary advantage of this method is:

40. The formation of harmful ground-level ozone () in the troposphere requires the presence of which three key components?

41. The process by which Sulphur Dioxide () in Classical Smog is converted into the major acid component () involves an intermediate step where is first converted to:

42. Acid rain is formed when water vapor in the atmosphere reacts with the oxides of Sulphur and Nitrogen. The two primary gaseous precursors are:

43. Which characteristic is generally true for the liquid and gaseous waste generated by the industrial sector compared to municipal waste?

44. For high-volume, low-hazard solid industrial waste (like construction debris or fly ash), the most common and economically viable disposal method, provided it meets environmental standards, is:

45. The concept of Sustainable Development was formalized and popularized by which landmark international report?

46. The catalytic action in a three-way converter relies on precious metals coated onto a ceramic or metallic honeycomb structure. Which combination of metals is typically used?

47. The most significant and successful international agreement designed to phase out the production of ozone-depleting substances () like is the:

48. Green Chemistry is often summarized by its reliance on 12 Principles. These principles aim to make chemical synthesis processes:

49. The most significant contamination source associated with the large-scale disposal of municipal and industrial waste (landfills) that ultimately affects soil is:

50. The presence of which type of microorganism is commonly used as a primary indicator to detect contamination from human fecal matter (domestic sewage) in a water sample?