Class 11 Chemistry — Chapter 14: Environmental Chemistry Online Test

1. Nitric Oxide () plays a catalytic role in the depletion of ozone within the stratosphere, according to the reaction . In this cycle, the then reacts with an oxygen atom () to regenerate the catalyst , completing the cycle. This cycle converts ozone into:

2. Persistent Organic Pollutants () like and are difficult to remove from the environment primarily because they are:

3. The localized phenomenon where acidic particles ( and derivatives) are trapped and concentrated within low-hanging, damp air is referred to as:

4. Green Chemistry is fundamentally defined as the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Who coined this term and pioneered the concept?

5. The National Green Tribunal () in India was established in 2010 to handle cases related to:

6. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation () system is an emission control technology used to reduce which specific pollutant?

7. For gaseous pollutants, the disposal method that involves passing the gas through a solid material (e.g., activated carbon) to trap the chemical compounds on its large surface area is:

8. Organic load (high and ) and toxic, non-biodegradable synthetic chemicals (e.g., dyes, solvents) are the primary contaminants in the liquid effluent from which industrial sector?

9. Chronic exposure to Cadmium () from contaminated soil and crops can primarily lead to severe damage and dysfunction in which major organ system?

10. Methemoglobinemia (Blue Baby Syndrome), where the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity is reduced, is a consequence of ingesting contaminated drinking water primarily high in which agricultural pollutant?

11. Organochlorine compounds, such as and Lindane, are highly non-biodegradable and persist in the environment, exhibiting the phenomenon of biomagnification. Which source is the primary origin of these pollutants in aquatic systems?

12. atoms like chlorine and bromine are extremely damaging to ozone because they are:

13. are effective fire extinguishing agents but pose a severe risk to the ozone layer. This class of compounds contains which highly efficient ozone-depleting element in addition to chlorine?

14. What property of allows them to survive the troposphere without being broken down by rain or chemical reactions, enabling them to eventually reach the stratosphere?

15. If the concentration of in the atmosphere is measured at (parts per million) during a smog event, and a sample of of air is collected at , the approximate volume of present is:

16. The major gaseous primary pollutant responsible for the formation of acid rain is:

17. Which characteristic of biodegradable plastics () prevents them from becoming a long-term problem in landfills and the marine environment?

18. Microplastics are fragments of plastic less than in size that are increasingly found in soil. Their primary environmental concern, beyond physical impediment, is their ability to:

19. The increase in radiation due to ozone depletion can weaken the immune system in humans, leading to:

20. A scientist measures the of two rain samples: Sample X has and Sample Y has . By what factor is the hydrogen ion concentration () higher in Sample Y compared to Sample X?

1. The primary difference between tropospheric pollution and stratospheric pollution is based on:

2. The severe neurological disorder known as Minamata disease is a devastating example of toxic water pollution caused by the biomagnification of:

3. The long-term presence of certain pesticides in the soil can disrupt the natural biogeochemical cycles, primarily by:

4. The key difference between Green Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry is that:

5. The primary visible effect of Sulphur Dioxide () on plant life is:

6. The ultimate goal of applying Green Chemistry principles to manufacturing processes is to achieve what outcome?

7. Which element of waste management aligns most closely with the "reduce" principle of waste minimization?

8. The use of certain persistent herbicides in agriculture can damage the soil by:

9. A method of solid waste disposal that involves the thermal decomposition of organic material at high temperatures (typically to ) in the complete absence of oxygen is known as:

10. Acid rain affects soil quality by causing the leaching (removal) of essential nutrients required for plant growth, most notably:

11. The overall net reaction for the catalytic destruction of ozone by chlorine is:

12. Which process is an end-of-pipe treatment method for liquid industrial waste that physically separates solid particles from the water by allowing them to settle out under gravity?

13. A visible effect of acid rain on the human environment is the damage caused to historical monuments, statues, and buildings made of marble or limestone. This process is called:

14. Which international convention aims to control the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and their disposal, particularly from developed to less developed countries?

15. Organic load (high and ) and toxic, non-biodegradable synthetic chemicals (e.g., dyes, solvents) are the primary contaminants in the liquid effluent from which industrial sector?

16. Which principle of Green Chemistry states that chemical synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product?

17. The most significant contamination source associated with the large-scale disposal of municipal and industrial waste (landfills) that ultimately affects soil is:

18. Which Act provides the legal framework for the management, handling, and disposal of hazardous waste in India, controlling waste from generation to final disposal?

19. The term "Ozone Hole," often used to describe severe depletion, is defined scientifically as:

20. The single largest anthropogenic (human-caused) source of Nitrous Oxide () emissions, which is both a potent greenhouse gas and an ozone-depleting substance, is:

21. Closed-loop recycling for industrial wastewater is a waste minimization technique that achieves:

22. Which of the following wavelength ranges of radiation is known to have the highest energy and is almost entirely absorbed by the stratosphere's oxygen () and ozone ()?

23. What is the primary environmental benefit of industrial recycling over landfill disposal?

24. A major harmful effect associated with the presence of non-biodegradable pollutants in the environment is:

25. Which layer of the atmosphere is closest to the Earth's surface, extends up to approximately at the poles, and contains all the air that living organisms breathe?

26. How does the presence of non-biodegradable plastics (like microplastics) in agricultural soil negatively impact crop yield?

27. Heavy metal sludge (a semi-solid, viscous waste) containing high concentrations of , and is the characteristic solid waste from which type of operation?

28. Ocean acidification is a direct consequence of increasing atmospheric . The chemical reaction that causes the ocean's to drop is the reacting with water () to form:

29. Acid rain is defined as precipitation with a value less than:

30. Which waste minimization technique focuses on changing the raw materials or process steps to reduce the volume or toxicity of the waste stream at the source?

1. What is the single largest anthropogenic source of Carbon Monoxide () and unburnt hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of metropolitan cities?

2. The increase in radiation due to ozone depletion can weaken the immune system in humans, leading to:

3. Which disposal method for gaseous industrial waste involves passing the gas through a liquid (often water or an alkaline solution) to remove pollutants like and ?

4. Eutrophication is the rapid aging of a lake due to an excessive increase in primary production. This process is triggered mainly by the input of Nitrates () and Phosphates () originating from which cause?

5. Besides , which other class of compounds primarily found in agricultural emissions and high-altitude aircraft exhaust acts as a precursor for ozone-depleting radicals in the stratosphere?

6. For gaseous pollutants, the disposal method that involves passing the gas through a solid material (e.g., activated carbon) to trap the chemical compounds on its large surface area is:

7. The localized phenomenon where acidic particles ( and derivatives) are trapped and concentrated within low-hanging, damp air is referred to as:

8. The most significant source contributing to the high Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels in river water is:

9. In countries that rely on coal for electricity generation, the most abundant gaseous pollutant released from thermal power plants that contributes to atmospheric pollution is:

10. Which of the following wavelength ranges of radiation is known to have the highest energy and is almost entirely absorbed by the stratosphere's oxygen () and ozone ()?

11. Classical smog is also often referred to as Reducing Smog because of the chemical nature of its primary gaseous component. Which gas gives it this reducing character?

12. The principle "Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses" (Principle 3) states that wherever practicable, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no:

13. In addition to skin cancer and cataracts, increased radiation is harmful to polymer materials and paints used in construction and vehicles, causing them to:

14. The removal of Nitric Oxide () from the atmosphere in the smog cycle occurs when it reacts with ozone. The balanced chemical equation for this removal step is:

15. Which component of soil pollution poses a threat because it leads to the accumulation of excess salts in the root zone, potentially causing plasmolysis and death of crop plants?

16. Supercritical () is an increasingly used green alternative to organic solvents in processes like dry cleaning and chemical extraction because it:

17. A major component of gaseous industrial waste from the cement industry, contributing to both air pollution and greenhouse effects, is:

18. A substance present in nature, but whose concentration has significantly increased due to human activity to a level that causes adverse effects on living organisms and the environment, is termed a:

19. The term "Ozone Hole," often used to describe severe depletion, is defined scientifically as:

20. Which major class of water pollutants is derived from the leaching of solid waste in landfills and open dumps, often containing a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds?

21. Acid rain pollutants can travel hundreds of kilometres from their source before deposition occurs. This is an example of a characteristic environmental issue classified as:

22. The formation of ozone () from molecular oxygen () is an exothermic process. Which chemical equation represents the first step of ozone formation in the Chapman Cycle?

23. A visible effect of acid rain on the human environment is the damage caused to historical monuments, statues, and buildings made of marble or limestone. This process is called:

24. The formation of ground-level ozone () in photochemical smog is initiated by the absorption of sunlight by a primary pollutant. The first step involves the photodissociation of:

25. For high-volume, low-hazard solid industrial waste (like construction debris or fly ash), the most common and economically viable disposal method, provided it meets environmental standards, is:

26. Which heavy metal impurity, if present in fuel, will permanently poison and render a vehicular catalytic converter useless?

27. The primary effect of introducing large quantities of biodegradable organic matter (from sewage) into a water body is measured by its:

28. Which industrial air pollution control method for involves injecting an absorbent material (like lime or activated carbon) into the flue gas stream to react with and capture pollutants, followed by removal in a filter?

29. A scientist measures the of two rain samples: Sample X has and Sample Y has . By what factor is the hydrogen ion concentration () higher in Sample Y compared to Sample X?

30. Which of the following is an effective strategy for controlling the emission of Sulphur Dioxide () from large industrial sources like coal-fired power plants?

31. The industrial concept that emphasizes designing products for easier reuse, repair, and recyclability at the end of their life cycle is known as:

32. The process by which Sulphur Dioxide () in Classical Smog is converted into the major acid component () involves an intermediate step where is first converted to:

33. Closed-loop recycling for industrial wastewater is a waste minimization technique that achieves:

34. Soil contamination with radioactive isotopes (e.g., Strontium-90, Caesium-137) poses a long-term risk to human health primarily because these elements:

35. Classical Smog episodes, like the Great Smog of London in 1952, typically occur under which combination of climatic conditions?

36. Environmental pollution is defined as the effect of undesirable changes in our surroundings that have harmful effects on plants, animals, and human beings. Which of the following is NOT classified as a major segment of the environment in environmental chemistry?

37. Microplastics are fragments of plastic less than in size that are increasingly found in soil. Their primary environmental concern, beyond physical impediment, is their ability to:

38. The characteristic brownish haze or yellowish-brown colour often observed in photochemical smog is primarily due to the presence of which gas?

39. The term Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the context of smog formation typically refers to:

40. Acid rain is formed when water vapor in the atmosphere reacts with the oxides of Sulphur and Nitrogen. The two primary gaseous precursors are:

41. A major challenge in recycling mixed industrial plastic waste compared to consumer plastic waste is:

42. The Green Chemistry principle "Use of Renewable Feedstocks" most directly encourages the shift from using materials derived from which source?

43. A method of solid waste disposal that involves the thermal decomposition of organic material at high temperatures (typically to ) in the complete absence of oxygen is known as:

44. Excessive sediment load in rivers, often characterized by suspended clay, silt, and soil particles, is a major non-point source of pollution originating mainly from:

45. Which natural reservoir is considered the largest sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide ()?

46. The formation of harmful ground-level ozone () in the troposphere requires the presence of which three key components?

47. Considering the rate of degradation, which of the following is the best example of a non-biodegradable pollutant?

48. Which of the following is the defining characteristic of Photochemical Smog?

49. Which term correctly defines the substance that causes an undesirable change in the environment, primarily by interfering with the natural biogeochemical cycles?

50. Which of the following particulate pollutants is best categorized as a liquid aerosol?