1. Which statement best defines health?
ⓐ. It is the state in which no visible illness is present.
ⓑ. It is the ability to work daily without feeling tired.
ⓒ. It is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
ⓓ. It is the condition in which pulse and temperature stay normal.
Correct Answer: It is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
Explanation: Health is a broad condition of well-being, not just a medical label. It includes physical fitness, mental balance, and healthy social functioning. A person may have no obvious illness and still not be truly healthy if one of these dimensions is disturbed. That is why health is described as complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
2. Why is “absence of disease” not a complete definition of health?
ⓐ. A person may be disease-free but still lack mental balance or healthy social life.
ⓑ. A person is healthy only after receiving every available vaccine.
ⓒ. A person becomes healthy only when all inherited traits are ideal.
ⓓ. A person is healthy only when no medicine is ever needed.
Correct Answer: A person may be disease-free but still lack mental balance or healthy social life.
Explanation: Freedom from disease captures only one part of health. Mental stress, emotional instability, or poor social adjustment can reduce overall well-being even when no infection is present. A complete idea of health therefore goes beyond diagnosis of disease. It considers how well a person functions physically, mentally, and socially.
3. Which combination most directly supports maintenance of good health?
ⓐ. Heavy meals, poor hygiene, little exercise, and late sleep
ⓑ. Curative drugs, prolonged rest, self-medication, and inactivity
ⓒ. Expensive tonics, repeated fasting, late meals, and irregular sleep
ⓓ. Balanced food, clean habits, exercise, and immunisation
Correct Answer: Balanced food, clean habits, exercise, and immunisation
Explanation: Good health is maintained largely through preventive habits. Balanced nutrition supports body functions, hygiene lowers exposure to microbes, exercise improves physical fitness, and immunisation helps protect against specific infections. These measures work together before illness becomes severe. Long-term health is supported better by such habits than by depending only on treatment after disease appears.
4. Which measure is most useful for improving health at the community level?
ⓐ. More packaged drinks, indoor living, and private treatment
ⓑ. Clean water, sanitation, and proper waste disposal
ⓒ. Longer work hours, crowded halls, and delayed sleep
ⓓ. Self-medication, overuse of tonics, and irregular meals
Correct Answer: Clean water, sanitation, and proper waste disposal
Explanation: Community health depends strongly on the environment people share. Clean water, sanitation, and safe disposal of waste reduce exposure to contaminants and pathogens across the population. These steps protect many people at once, not just a single individual. Public measures like these are central to improving overall well-being.
5. A student has no diagnosed illness, but remains severely anxious, avoids social interaction, and cannot participate normally in daily life. This most clearly shows that health includes
ⓐ. mental and social well-being
ⓑ. only muscular development
ⓒ. only freedom from infection
ⓓ. unusually strong immunity
Correct Answer: mental and social well-being
Explanation: Health includes mental and social dimensions along with physical condition. Severe anxiety, withdrawal, and inability to participate normally show that well-being is disturbed even without a diagnosed illness. The absence of fever or infection does not automatically mean a person is healthy. Functional mental and social stability are essential parts of health.
6. Which outcome is most commonly associated with better health in a population?
ⓐ. Greater reliance on emergency treatment
ⓑ. Higher spread of preventable illness
ⓒ. More frequent maternal and infant deaths
ⓓ. Greater productivity and longer life span
Correct Answer: Greater productivity and longer life span
Explanation: A healthier population generally works more effectively and survives longer. Better health also tends to reduce preventable deaths, especially among mothers and infants. When disease burden falls, quality of life and economic productivity both improve. So improved health is linked with longer life expectancy and greater productivity.
7. Which pair of measures is especially important for reducing diseases spread by vectors?
ⓐ. Fasting and isolation
ⓑ. Sanitation and vector control
ⓒ. Tonic use and bed rest
ⓓ. Pain relief and warm clothing
Correct Answer: Sanitation and vector control
Explanation: Vector-borne diseases spread through organisms such as mosquitoes and other carriers. Sanitation reduces breeding opportunities, while vector control directly lowers the number of disease carriers. Together these measures interrupt transmission. Medicines alone do not prevent vector breeding in the environment.
8. Assertion (A): Personal hygiene contributes to good health.
Reason (R): Hygiene reduces exposure to many disease-causing agents.
ⓐ. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
ⓑ. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
ⓒ. A is true, but R is false.
ⓓ. A is false, but R is true.
Correct Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Personal hygiene is an important part of health protection. Clean habits reduce contact with many microbes and lower the chance of infection. The reason directly explains how hygiene helps maintain health. Preventive behavior is therefore a basic foundation of good health.
9. In a locality where vaccination, sanitation, and public awareness are neglected, the most likely result is
ⓐ. better social well-being without disease control
ⓑ. rapid rise in productivity and life span
ⓒ. complete protection through natural adjustment
ⓓ. poorer well-being with greater disease risk
Correct Answer: poorer well-being with greater disease risk
Explanation: When preventive measures are neglected, disease risk rises and general well-being declines. Lack of vaccination, sanitation, and awareness increases vulnerability in the whole community. Health is affected not only by treatment facilities but also by prevention. Poorer overall well-being is therefore the most likely outcome.
10. Which daily routine most directly supports both physical fitness and mental balance?
ⓐ. Frequent antibiotics and little activity
ⓑ. Irregular meals and reduced sleep
ⓒ. Regular exercise, yoga, and adequate rest
ⓓ. Long screen time and no outdoor movement
Correct Answer: Regular exercise, yoga, and adequate rest
Explanation: Sustained health requires a balanced daily routine rather than short-term fixes. Regular exercise supports physical fitness, yoga can improve mental balance, and adequate rest helps recovery and normal body function. Skipping sleep or relying on medicines without need does not build health. Healthy routines matter more than emergency measures taken without cause.
11. Which statement best links health with social development?
ⓐ. Hospitals alone matter more than cleanliness
ⓑ. Health matters only after disease begins
ⓒ. Better health is linked with lower infant and maternal mortality
ⓓ. Good health has little effect on human life
Correct Answer: Better health is linked with lower infant and maternal mortality
Explanation: Public health influences population-level survival. Cleaner surroundings, better nutrition, and access to preventive measures reduce risk during pregnancy and early life. As a result, healthier communities generally show lower infant and maternal mortality. This link makes health important not only for individuals but also for society.
12. Which approach best reflects a broad understanding of health promotion?
ⓐ. Treating illness only after severe symptoms appear
ⓑ. Combining nutrition, hygiene, awareness, and preventive care
ⓒ. Depending only on inherited resistance to disease
ⓓ. Avoiding exercise while increasing food intake
Correct Answer: Combining nutrition, hygiene, awareness, and preventive care
Explanation: Health promotion is broad and preventive in nature. Nutritious food, hygiene, awareness, and preventive care work together to support physical, mental, and social well-being. Waiting for severe symptoms focuses only on treatment, not on maintaining health. A comprehensive approach gives better long-term results.
13. Which action best reflects health awareness at the personal level?
ⓐ. Taking medicines only after serious symptoms appear
ⓑ. Recognising risk factors early and adopting preventive habits
ⓒ. Avoiding all physical activity to conserve energy
ⓓ. Depending only on inherited resistance to illness
Correct Answer: Recognising risk factors early and adopting preventive habits
Explanation: Health awareness involves understanding how disease can be prevented before it becomes severe. Recognising risky habits, unsafe surroundings, or early warning signs helps a person act in time. Preventive choices such as hygiene, vaccination, and healthy routine are guided by awareness. This makes awareness an active part of maintaining health, not just a source of information.
14. Which statement about vaccination is most accurate in relation to health maintenance?
ⓐ. It replaces the need for sanitation and clean food.
ⓑ. It improves health only after a disease is fully established.
ⓒ. It helps protect against specific infections before serious illness develops.
ⓓ. It is useful only when exercise and rest are not possible.
Correct Answer: It helps protect against specific infections before serious illness develops.
Explanation: Vaccination is a preventive measure that prepares the body against particular disease-causing agents. It does not replace sanitation, nutrition, or hygiene, but works alongside them. By lowering the risk of specific infections, vaccination supports long-term well-being. Its value lies mainly in prevention rather than late-stage treatment.
15. Which factor is best classified as a genetic influence on health?
ⓐ. Inherited disorder passed from parents to offspring
ⓑ. Contaminated drinking water used for several days
ⓒ. Lack of sleep during examination week
ⓓ. Irregular meals caused by busy routine
Correct Answer: Inherited disorder passed from parents to offspring
Explanation: Genetic factors affect health through traits or disorders transmitted through heredity. These influences are present because of inherited biological information, not because of daily habits or environmental exposure. Infections, diet, and sleep are important, but they belong to other categories of health determinants. A genetic disorder therefore represents a hereditary influence on health.
16. Which situation best shows an infectious factor affecting health?
ⓐ. Reduced exercise due to office work
ⓑ. Family history of an inherited disorder
ⓒ. Persistent stress caused by social isolation
ⓓ. Illness after consuming microbe-contaminated water
Correct Answer: Illness after consuming microbe-contaminated water
Explanation: Infectious factors involve disease-causing organisms entering the body and disturbing normal function. Contaminated water can carry pathogens that lead to illness after exposure. This differs from inherited conditions or lifestyle-related problems, which do not require a pathogen. The key feature here is infection by a disease-causing agent.
17. Which group contains only lifestyle-related factors that can influence health?
ⓐ. Genes, chromosomes, and inherited mutations
ⓑ. Bacteria, viruses, and protozoans
ⓒ. Food habits, rest, exercise, and personal routines
ⓓ. Vaccines, antibodies, and immune memory
Correct Answer: Food habits, rest, exercise, and personal routines
Explanation: Lifestyle factors are linked with the way a person lives each day. Food intake, sleep, exercise, and routine habits strongly affect body function and general well-being. These are different from genetic factors, infectious agents, or immune products. Because they are modifiable, lifestyle factors are especially important in health maintenance.
18. A student sleeps poorly, skips meals, and avoids exercise for several months. The most direct interpretation is that health is being affected mainly by
ⓐ. viral adaptation inside the body
ⓑ. lifestyle-related factors
ⓒ. inherited molecular defects
ⓓ. mechanical injury alone
Correct Answer: lifestyle-related factors
Explanation: Daily habits strongly influence physical and mental well-being. Poor sleep, inadequate nutrition, and lack of exercise weaken normal body function over time even without infection or injury. Such patterns are classic lifestyle-related health factors. They show how routine behavior can gradually disturb health.
19. Which statement best describes the role of the mind in health?
ⓐ. Mental state affects health only after old age begins.
ⓑ. The mind influences health only in inherited disease.
ⓒ. Mental condition has no link with body defense mechanisms.
ⓓ. Mental stress can influence body functions, including immune responses.
Correct Answer: Mental stress can influence body functions, including immune responses.
Explanation: Mental state and body function are closely linked. Stress, anxiety, and emotional disturbance can alter normal neural and endocrine activity, which in turn may affect immunity. This means health is influenced not only by pathogens and food, but also by mental condition. The connection between mind and immune function is therefore biologically significant.
20. Which option best explains how neural-endocrine factors affect health?
ⓐ. They can alter immune function through interactions between nerves, hormones, and body responses.
ⓑ. They make every infection hereditary after repeated exposure.
ⓒ. They convert lifestyle disorders directly into genetic diseases.
ⓓ. They prevent all microbes from entering the body.
Correct Answer: They can alter immune function through interactions between nerves, hormones, and body responses.
Explanation: Neural and endocrine systems help regulate many body processes, including responses to stress and defense. Changes in nerve signaling and hormone levels can influence how effectively the immune system works. This does not make disease hereditary or provide total protection from microbes. Instead, it shows that body regulation systems contribute to health status.
