Correct Answer: 1440 kg/m3
Explanation: The density of cement is generally taken as 1440 kg/m3.
Correct Answer: 50 kg
Explanation: The weight of cement in one bag is 50 kg.
Correct Answer: 0.0347 m3
Explanation: The volume of cement in one bag is approximately 0.0347 m3.
Correct Answer: 50
Explanation: Steel formwork can be used up to about 50 times.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: In the estimation of plastering surface, deductions are not made for ends of beams, end of rafters, and small openings up to 0.5 m2.
Correct Answer: 5%
Explanation: In the case of a roof truss made of steel, rivets, bolts, nuts, etc., typically account for about 5% of the total.
Correct Answer: 6
Explanation: When not specified, the number of holdfasts for a door is usually taken as 6.
Correct Answer: 3 and 2
Explanation: The minimum number of hinges provided in a door and window shutter should be 3 for doors and 2 for windows.
Correct Answer: 10
Explanation: The number of corrugations in a galvanized corrugated sheet is usually 10.
Correct Answer: 7
Explanation: The number of corrugations in an asbestos cement sheet is usually 7.
Correct Answer: 32″
Explanation: The standard width of the galvanized iron sheet is 32″.
Correct Answer: 1.05 m
Explanation: The standard width of an asbestos cement corrugated sheet is 1.05 m.
Correct Answer: 15 cm
Explanation: The minimum side lap required for asbestos cement sheets is 15 cm.
Correct Answer: 15 cm
Explanation: End lap provided in asbestos cement sheets is equal to 15 cm.
Correct Answer: 5 ft
Explanation: The minimum space left from the property line (In Kathmandu valley) for the provision of window/door is 5 ft.
Correct Answer: 100 mm
Explanation: The minimum size of the pipe connected to the septic tank is 100 mm.
Correct Answer: 40 years
Explanation: The life of teak wood doors and windows is usually taken to be 40 years.
Correct Answer: Absorbs more heat than stone
Explanation: Bricks generally absorb more heat than stone.
Correct Answer: 20%
Explanation: Whenever color washing on A.C. corrugated sheets is done, in the estimation, the plan area of the sheets is increased by 20%.
Correct Answer: 1 1/4
Explanation: In the case of steel rolling shutters, for the estimation of the painted area, the plain area is multiplied by 1 1/4.
Correct Answer: 10%
Explanation: The plain area of the semi-corrugated asbestos sheet is increased by 10% to account for corrugation during whitewashing.
Correct Answer: Weight
Explanation: Specifications for holdfasts are given in terms of weight.
Correct Answer: Government
Explanation: If valuable properties are found during excavation, they become the property of the government.
Correct Answer: 3-5 m3
Explanation: The volume of sand a normal truck can carry per trip is approximately 3-5 m3.
Correct Answer: Less than 1 mm
Explanation: The thickness of a 25 gauge sheet is less than 1 mm.
Correct Answer: Two coats of the same enamel paint which is applied for the rest of the frame
Explanation: The concealed faces of the frames of doors and windows are painted with two coats of the same enamel paint applied to the rest of the frame.
Correct Answer: 2/3 lr
Explanation: The area of the segmental portion of an arch with span I and rise r is approximately given by 2/3 lr.
Correct Answer: 32 mm
Explanation: 32 mm is not a common size of reinforcement bars.
Correct Answer: 7850 kg
Explanation: The approximate weight of one cubic meter of mild steel is 7850 kg.
Correct Answer: 1600 kg
Explanation: The approximate weight of 1 cubic meter of sand is 1600 kg.
Correct Answer: Valuation
Explanation: The technique of finding the fair price of an existing building or property is known as valuation.
Correct Answer: 15%
Explanation: In the analysis of rates, the profit and overhead for the contractor are generally taken as 15%.
Correct Answer: 1.5%
Explanation: Contractor tax is typically 1.5%.
Correct Answer: 25%
Explanation: The appropriate cost to the complete labor as a percentage of the total cost of the building is 25%.
Correct Answer: Rs. 1,87,500
Explanation: The cost of the building is calculated by multiplying the covered area by the plinth area rate: 150m2 x Rs.1250/m2 = Rs. 1,87,500.
Correct Answer: Rs.2500-3000
Explanation: The approximate cost of a residential building per square foot in Kathmandu is in the range of Rs.2500-3000.
Correct Answer: Breaking up the structure
Explanation: Demolition refers to breaking up the structure.
Correct Answer: Breaking up the structure with care
Explanation: Dismantle means breaking up the structure with care.
Correct Answer: Carpet area
Explanation: The useful part of the livable area of a building is known as the carpet area.
Correct Answer: Plinth area
Explanation: The plinth area must be greater at any floor of a building.
Correct Answer: Item rate
Explanation: Tenders contain notice, item of work, and estimated cost, but they do not contain item rate.
Correct Answer: Earnest money
Explanation: The amount of money deposited along with the submission of tender is known as earnest money.
Correct Answer: Schedule of rates
Explanation: A document containing a detailed description of all types of work with their current rates is called a schedule of rates.
Correct Answer: Schedule of quantity
Explanation: A document showing the list of quantity of various items of works required for the completion of any project is known as a schedule of quantity.
Correct Answer: Quantity surveying
Explanation: Working out the exact quantities of various items of work is known as quantity surveying.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: The essential requirements to prepare a good estimate include a fully dimensioned drawing to scale, detailed specifications, and a schedule of rates.
Correct Answer: Soling
Explanation: A layer of dry bricks put below the foundation concrete, in the case of soft soils, is called soling.
Correct Answer: Contingencies
Explanation: The expenses of items that do not come under any regular head of items and the cost of unforeseen items are called contingencies.
Correct Answer: Obsolescence
Explanation: The value of the property or structures becomes less by its becoming out of date in style is known as obsolescence.
Correct Answer: Salvage value
Explanation: The value of the property (without being disassembled) at the end of the useful life period is known as salvage value.
Correct Answer: Annuity
Explanation: The annual periodic payments made for the repayment of the capital invested are known as annuity.
Correct Answer: Rateable value
Explanation: The net annual letting out value of a property, obtained after deducting the amount of yearly repairs from the gross income, is known as rateable value.
Correct Answer: Book value
Explanation: The value shown in the account book after allowing necessary depreciation is known as book value.
Correct Answer: Sinking fund
Explanation: The gradual accumulation of amounts by way of annual periodic deposits, meant for the replacement of the structure at the end of its useful life period, is known as a sinking fund.
Correct Answer: Scrap value
Explanation: The value of the dismantled material less the cost of dismantling is called scrap value.
Correct Answer: Liquidated damages
Explanation: A fixed stipulated sum of penalty payable by the contractor having no relationship with real damage is known as liquidated damages.
Correct Answer: Terms of condition
Explanation: Liquidated damage is directly related to the terms and conditions specified in the contract.
Correct Answer: Centage charge
Explanation: When engineering departments undertake the works of other departments, the amount charged toward design, supervision, and execution, etc., is called centage charge.
Correct Answer: 1.5%
Explanation: Work-charged establishment is generally around 1.5%.
Correct Answer: Specifications
Explanation: Information that can’t be included in drawings is conveyed to the estimator through specifications.
Correct Answer: Workman’s compensation insurances, etc.
Explanation: Workman’s compensation insurances, etc., are known as job overhead.
Correct Answer: Stone arch work
Explanation: Stone arch work typically involves more intricate detailing and is likely to have a lower rate of work turned per mason per day.
Correct Answer: Traveling Express
Explanation: Traveling Express is considered as general overhead.
Correct Answer: Surface dressing
Explanation: The excavation exceeding 1.5 m in width and area 10 m2 with a depth not exceeding 30 cm is termed as surface dressing.
Correct Answer: Tell-tael
Explanation: Indicating works left in excavated trenches to facilitate the measurement of borrow pits are known as tell-tael.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: When excavating soil, leaving some portion undisturbed without any disturbance is referred to as “Tell-tale,” “Motam,” or “Dead man.” All these terms indicate the practice of not disturbing certain sections during excavation.
Correct Answer: Cost plus percentage contract
Explanation: In a cost-plus-percentage contract, the contractor is paid the actual cost of construction along with a predetermined percentage of profit. This type of contract provides transparency regarding the actual expenses and allows the contractor to earn a percentage profit on top.
Correct Answer: Debitable agency
Explanation: When the payment of annuity starts after a certain number of years in the future, it is referred to as a “Debitable agency.” This delayed payment structure distinguishes it from immediate annuities.
Correct Answer: Deferred annuity
Explanation: A deferred annuity is one in which the payment of annuity begins after a certain period or years from the date of the contract. It provides for future periodic payments, making it a deferred financial arrangement.
Correct Answer: More than the scrap value
Explanation: The salvage value of a structure is typically considered more than its scrap value. Salvage value is the estimated residual value of an asset at the end of its useful life, considering it has not been dismantled. It represents the value that can be recovered from the structure.
Correct Answer: Task work
Explanation: The quantity of work accomplished by a skilled laborer in a day is referred to as “Task work.” It measures the daily output of a skilled worker on a specific task or item of work.
Correct Answer: Bill
Explanation: A document that provides a detailed account of the work done or materials supplied, along with their quantities and particulars, is known as a “Bill.” It serves as a comprehensive record for financial transactions related to the project.
Correct Answer: Value-added tax
Explanation: VAT stands for “Value-Added Tax.” It is a consumption tax added to the value of goods or services at each stage of production or distribution, reflecting the value added at each stage.
Correct Answer: 15000 m3
Explanation: The quantity of earthwork in 1 km length of road, following a given section, is estimated to be 15000 cubic meters.
Correct Answer: Meter
Explanation: The unit of measurement for PVC pipe used in water supply pipelines is “Meter,” representing the length of the pipe.
Correct Answer: 375 m2
Explanation: The area of the given figure, with dimensions in meters, is calculated to be 375 square meters.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: Rate analysis considers multiple factors, including the quantity and quality of materials, as well as the rates of materials. All these factors are crucial for determining the overall cost of a construction project.
Correct Answer: 22 m3
Explanation: To produce 100 cubic meters of 1:2:4 concrete, the volume of cement required is 22 cubic meters.
Correct Answer: 2450 m2
Explanation: The area of the quadrilateral, with dimensions in meters, is calculated to be 2450 square meters.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: Carpet area, in real estate, excludes the area of verandahs, corridors, bathrooms, lavatories, kitchens, and pantries. It specifically refers to the net usable floor area within the walls of a property.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation: Specifications serve as the foundation for carrying out engineering works, ensuring the quality of construction, and forming the basis for contract execution. They provide detailed information about the materials, workmanship, and standards to be followed.
Correct Answer: Inflation on material and wage of manpower
Explanation: Inflation on material and wages is not typically considered while preparing item rate estimates. Item rate estimates focus on specific unit rates of materials, labor, equipment, and tools required for the construction project.
Correct Answer: Meter, kilogram, second
Explanation: The fundamental units in the metric system are the meter (length), kilogram (mass), and second (time).
Correct Answer: Building
Explanation: Plinth area estimate is commonly used for estimating the cost of constructing buildings. It provides an approximate estimation based on the total floor area at the plinth level.
Correct Answer: A notice inviting bids
Explanation: A tender is a notice inviting bids from contractors who are interested in executing specific works. It is not a written offer or an enforceable agreement.
Correct Answer: L x B x H
Explanation: In detailed measurement, the sequence of dimensions is typically written as Length x Breadth x Height.
Correct Answer: Estimated quantities
Explanation: The Bill of Quantities is prepared based on estimated quantities of materials, labor, and other resources required for a construction project.
Correct Answer: 0.247 m3
Explanation: The quantity of cement required for plastering is calculated based on the specified thickness and the area of the new brickwork.
Correct Answer: Petty work
Explanation: Petty work refers to types of work that involve the use of labor without significant material, equipment, etc. It is often minor and doesn’t require extensive resources.
Correct Answer: 1.25 × the area of the opening between door/window frame
Explanation: To estimate the painting area for iron grillwork, it is common to use a factor of 1.25 times the area of the opening between the door/window frame.
Correct Answer: 250 m2
Explanation: The actual area of land can be calculated by multiplying the measured area on the map by the square of the scale factor (1:500).
Correct Answer: V = h/3 [A1+A2+(√A1A2)]
Explanation: The volume of concrete for a reinforced concrete isolated sloped footing is calculated using the provided formula.
Correct Answer: Rs. 2200.00
Explanation: The total cost is calculated by multiplying the painting rate per square meter by the surface area to be painted.
Correct Answer: 0.1 m2
Explanation: Deductions in masonry for openings are typically not made if the area of the opening is small, such as not exceeding 0.1 square meters.
Correct Answer: Present value based on reality
Explanation: Valuation involves determining the present value of a property based on its actual characteristics and market conditions. It aims to establish a realistic and fair value for the property.
Correct Answer: Supplementary estimate
Explanation: A supplementary estimate is prepared when additional works are added to the original project scope. This could be due to unforeseen circumstances, changes in design, or other factors not initially considered. It helps in incorporating new elements and estimating the associated costs.
Correct Answer: Rate analysis
Explanation: Rate analysis involves calculating the rates for materials, labor, and equipment required for a unit of work. It includes overhead costs and provides a basis for determining the total cost, including profit, for the contractor.
Correct Answer: Long wall and short wall method
Explanation: The long wall and short wall method involve measuring the quantity of construction materials by considering the lengths from out to out and in to in, regardless of the total center line of the walls. It accommodates variations in wall thickness.
Correct Answer: Both of the above
Explanation: An estimate encompasses both the calculation of quantities required for construction and the computation of expected expenditures. It provides a comprehensive outlook on the resources needed for a construction project.
Correct Answer: Quality of material, measurement system & working procedures
Explanation: Specifications define the quality of materials, the measurement system, and the working procedures for construction projects. It ensures a standardized approach to construction and sets expectations for the materials used.
FAQs on Estimating & Costing MCQs for Civil Engineers
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