Class 11 Chemistry — Chapter 14: Environmental Chemistry Online Test

1. Nitric Oxide () plays a catalytic role in the depletion of ozone within the stratosphere, according to the reaction . In this cycle, the then reacts with an oxygen atom () to regenerate the catalyst , completing the cycle. This cycle converts ozone into:

2. Persistent Organic Pollutants () like and are difficult to remove from the environment primarily because they are:

3. The localized phenomenon where acidic particles ( and derivatives) are trapped and concentrated within low-hanging, damp air is referred to as:

4. Green Chemistry is fundamentally defined as the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Who coined this term and pioneered the concept?

5. The National Green Tribunal () in India was established in 2010 to handle cases related to:

6. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation () system is an emission control technology used to reduce which specific pollutant?

7. For gaseous pollutants, the disposal method that involves passing the gas through a solid material (e.g., activated carbon) to trap the chemical compounds on its large surface area is:

8. Organic load (high and ) and toxic, non-biodegradable synthetic chemicals (e.g., dyes, solvents) are the primary contaminants in the liquid effluent from which industrial sector?

9. Chronic exposure to Cadmium () from contaminated soil and crops can primarily lead to severe damage and dysfunction in which major organ system?

10. Methemoglobinemia (Blue Baby Syndrome), where the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity is reduced, is a consequence of ingesting contaminated drinking water primarily high in which agricultural pollutant?

11. Organochlorine compounds, such as and Lindane, are highly non-biodegradable and persist in the environment, exhibiting the phenomenon of biomagnification. Which source is the primary origin of these pollutants in aquatic systems?

12. atoms like chlorine and bromine are extremely damaging to ozone because they are:

13. are effective fire extinguishing agents but pose a severe risk to the ozone layer. This class of compounds contains which highly efficient ozone-depleting element in addition to chlorine?

14. What property of allows them to survive the troposphere without being broken down by rain or chemical reactions, enabling them to eventually reach the stratosphere?

15. If the concentration of in the atmosphere is measured at (parts per million) during a smog event, and a sample of of air is collected at , the approximate volume of present is:

16. The major gaseous primary pollutant responsible for the formation of acid rain is:

17. Which characteristic of biodegradable plastics () prevents them from becoming a long-term problem in landfills and the marine environment?

18. Microplastics are fragments of plastic less than in size that are increasingly found in soil. Their primary environmental concern, beyond physical impediment, is their ability to:

19. The increase in radiation due to ozone depletion can weaken the immune system in humans, leading to:

20. A scientist measures the of two rain samples: Sample X has and Sample Y has . By what factor is the hydrogen ion concentration () higher in Sample Y compared to Sample X?

1. In industrial processes, a catalytic converter is most frequently used to eliminate which major class of air pollutants?

2. Which Green Chemistry principle is summarized by the statement: "It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been formed"?

3. Soil pollution by Lead () poses a major human health threat, especially in children, primarily because it:

4. The primary source of Sulphur Oxides () emissions globally is the combustion of:

5. Besides , which other class of compounds primarily found in agricultural emissions and high-altitude aircraft exhaust acts as a precursor for ozone-depleting radicals in the stratosphere?

6. Which element of waste management aligns most closely with the "reduce" principle of waste minimization?

7. Methane () has a much shorter atmospheric lifetime (about 12 years) compared to Carbon Dioxide () (hundreds of years). Despite this, Methane is considered a very potent greenhouse gas because its Global Warming Potential () over a 100-year period is:

8. Considering the rate of degradation, which of the following is the best example of a non-biodegradable pollutant?

9. Which industrial control technology works by passing exhaust gases through a fabric structure, essentially acting like a giant vacuum cleaner to trap fine particulates?

10. The term 'Sink' in environmental chemistry refers to:

11. The term industrial effluent specifically refers to which type of industrial waste?

12. A process used to treat liquid waste containing high concentrations of dissolved heavy metals, where a chemical agent is added to convert the soluble metal ions into insoluble compounds that can be filtered out, is:

13. For high-volume, low-hazard solid industrial waste (like construction debris or fly ash), the most common and economically viable disposal method, provided it meets environmental standards, is:

14. Which debilitating human disease is associated with the consumption of water or food contaminated by Cadmium (), a heavy metal released primarily in industrial effluents?

15. The primary difference between tropospheric pollution and stratospheric pollution is based on:

16. The most significant contamination source associated with the large-scale disposal of municipal and industrial waste (landfills) that ultimately affects soil is:

17. Which category of pollution is characterized by the excessive accumulation of nitrates and phosphates in surface water bodies, often leading to the excessive growth of algae?

18. The most significant source contributing to the high Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels in river water is:

19. When scientists measure the concentration of ozone in the total atmospheric column above a point on Earth, the standard unit used is the:

20. How does the presence of non-biodegradable plastics (like microplastics) in agricultural soil negatively impact crop yield?

21. The overall chemical equation representing the formation of the strong acid () from Nitrogen Dioxide () in the atmosphere is:

22. Closed-loop recycling for industrial wastewater is a waste minimization technique that achieves:

23. A major difference between Classical Smog and Photochemical Smog in terms of the main source of precursors is:

24. A chemical treatment process used to neutralize highly acidic or basic liquid industrial waste (effluents) before discharge or further treatment is:

25. The primary purpose of conducting an Environmental Impact Assessment () before starting a large-scale industrial project is to:

26. Which layer of the atmosphere is closest to the Earth's surface, extends up to approximately at the poles, and contains all the air that living organisms breathe?

27. () like smoke, dust, and aerosols released from industrial smokestacks is categorized as which type of gaseous pollutant?

28. The most severe human health effect associated with acute exposure to Classical Smog is:

29. The primary effect of introducing large quantities of biodegradable organic matter (from sewage) into a water body is measured by its:

30. When untreated domestic sewage is discharged into a river, the initial effect on the river's Dissolved Oxygen () concentration is:

1. Solvent-free reactions (or solid-state synthesis) directly address which two major principles of Green Chemistry?

2. Poly-Lactic Acid () is a common example of a biodegradable plastic. Its biodegradability directly aligns with which Green Chemistry principle?

3. Which highly specialized and expensive disposal method is mandated for high-level radioactive waste due to its long-term toxicity and extremely long half-life?

4. Which concept emphasizes that it is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been formed?

5. In addition to skin cancer and cataracts, increased radiation is harmful to polymer materials and paints used in construction and vehicles, causing them to:

6. The industrial strategy of using the waste product from one manufacturing process as a raw material in a different industrial process (e.g., using fly ash in cement production) is called:

7. The primary effect of introducing large quantities of biodegradable organic matter (from sewage) into a water body is measured by its:

8. The primary health effect of acute exposure to high concentrations of Ozone () in photochemical smog on humans is:

9. The primary environmental concern resulting from the depletion of the protective stratospheric ozone layer is:

10. Which among the following gaseous components is NOT generally considered a primary pollutant in the context of photochemical smog formation?

11. Which process is an end-of-pipe treatment method for liquid industrial waste that physically separates solid particles from the water by allowing them to settle out under gravity?

12. Particulate Matter (PM) is classified based on its aerodynamic diameter. Which size category of poses the greatest risk to human health, as it can penetrate deep into the lungs and potentially enter the bloodstream?

13. The use of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) to break down or detoxify hazardous organic contaminants in contaminated soil or liquid industrial waste is known as:

14. The single largest contributor to the human-induced increase in atmospheric Carbon Dioxide () since the industrial revolution is:

15. Principle 10, "Design for Degradation," is applied to a chemical product to ensure it does what after its intended function is complete?

16. The term in environmental chemistry that describes the component of the environment (like the atmosphere, soil, or water) which gets affected by the pollutant is known as the:

17. Which principle of Green Chemistry states that chemical synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product?

18. The primary reason why the persistent pesticide is biomagnified in the food chain is due to its characteristic of being:

19. The term industrial effluent specifically refers to which type of industrial waste?

20. Which characteristic of biodegradable plastics () prevents them from becoming a long-term problem in landfills and the marine environment?

21. Acid rain is formed when water vapor in the atmosphere reacts with the oxides of Sulphur and Nitrogen. The two primary gaseous precursors are:

22. Which principle requires that analytical methodologies should be developed to allow for continuous monitoring and control of a chemical process during synthesis to minimize the formation of hazardous substances?

23. A significant consequence of thermal pollution in water bodies is the severe stress placed on fish and aquatic organisms due to:

24. Compressed Natural Gas () is often preferred over conventional gasoline or diesel as a fuel for public transport because it produces significantly lower emissions of:

25. Which heavy metal impurity, if present in fuel, will permanently poison and render a vehicular catalytic converter useless?

26. Which term correctly defines the substance that causes an undesirable change in the environment, primarily by interfering with the natural biogeochemical cycles?

27. A cyclone separator (or cyclone collector) is primarily used in industries to remove which type of pollutant from a gaseous stream?

28. The Environment (Protection) Act of 1986 was enacted by the Indian Parliament primarily in response to which major industrial disaster?

29. The most significant and successful international agreement designed to phase out the production of ozone-depleting substances () like is the:

30. Soil contamination with radioactive isotopes (e.g., Strontium-90, Caesium-137) poses a long-term risk to human health primarily because these elements:

31. What physical change must occur to a Chlorofluorocarbon () molecule in the stratosphere before it can begin the catalytic destruction of ozone?

32. A common system used to reduce the emission of unburnt Hydrocarbons () / from the fuel tank and carburetor (evaporative emissions) is the:

33. What is the fundamental role of the stratosphere's ozone layer () concerning the planet's energy budget?

34. Which of the following is an effect of ozone layer depletion on terrestrial plants and agriculture?

35. Which waste minimization technique focuses on changing the raw materials or process steps to reduce the volume or toxicity of the waste stream at the source?

36. The core principle of waste minimization in industrial operations is best described by which strategy?

37. The key difference between Green Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry is that:

38. The principle "Catalysis" (Principle 9) suggests that catalytic reagents are superior to stoichiometric reagents. A catalyst is better because it:

39. The principle "Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention" (Principle 12) advises choosing substances and forms of substances that minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including the potential for:

40. Which international convention aims to control the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and their disposal, particularly from developed to less developed countries?

41. The primary reason Green Chemistry emphasizes the use of safer solvents and reaction conditions is to reduce the risk associated with:

42. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation () system is an emission control technology used to reduce which specific pollutant?

43. A key application of Green Chemistry is the replacement of highly toxic heavy metal catalysts (e.g., Lead or Mercury) with more environmentally benign alternatives, such as:

44. What is the primary adverse effect of acid rain on forest soil, particularly concerning plant nutrition?

45. The most significant source contributing to the high Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels in river water is:

46. Emission standards, such as India's Bharat Stage (BS) norms or Europe's Euro standards, aim primarily to control the quantity of:

47. Global Warming Potential () is a metric used to compare the warming impact of different greenhouse gases. is calculated based on the gas's ability to absorb infrared radiation and its:

48. The increase in the temperature of a water body, often leading to a reduction in its dissolved oxygen content, known as thermal pollution, is predominantly caused by the discharge of:

49. Which of the following is considered a secondary pollutant?

50. The process of Biomagnification is characterized by the pollutant concentration increasing sequentially in which part of the ecosystem structure?