Class 11 Chemistry — Chapter 14: Environmental Chemistry Online Test

1. Nitric Oxide () plays a catalytic role in the depletion of ozone within the stratosphere, according to the reaction . In this cycle, the then reacts with an oxygen atom () to regenerate the catalyst , completing the cycle. This cycle converts ozone into:

2. Persistent Organic Pollutants () like and are difficult to remove from the environment primarily because they are:

3. The localized phenomenon where acidic particles ( and derivatives) are trapped and concentrated within low-hanging, damp air is referred to as:

4. Green Chemistry is fundamentally defined as the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Who coined this term and pioneered the concept?

5. The National Green Tribunal () in India was established in 2010 to handle cases related to:

6. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation () system is an emission control technology used to reduce which specific pollutant?

7. For gaseous pollutants, the disposal method that involves passing the gas through a solid material (e.g., activated carbon) to trap the chemical compounds on its large surface area is:

8. Organic load (high and ) and toxic, non-biodegradable synthetic chemicals (e.g., dyes, solvents) are the primary contaminants in the liquid effluent from which industrial sector?

9. Chronic exposure to Cadmium () from contaminated soil and crops can primarily lead to severe damage and dysfunction in which major organ system?

10. Methemoglobinemia (Blue Baby Syndrome), where the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity is reduced, is a consequence of ingesting contaminated drinking water primarily high in which agricultural pollutant?

11. Organochlorine compounds, such as and Lindane, are highly non-biodegradable and persist in the environment, exhibiting the phenomenon of biomagnification. Which source is the primary origin of these pollutants in aquatic systems?

12. atoms like chlorine and bromine are extremely damaging to ozone because they are:

13. are effective fire extinguishing agents but pose a severe risk to the ozone layer. This class of compounds contains which highly efficient ozone-depleting element in addition to chlorine?

14. What property of allows them to survive the troposphere without being broken down by rain or chemical reactions, enabling them to eventually reach the stratosphere?

15. If the concentration of in the atmosphere is measured at (parts per million) during a smog event, and a sample of of air is collected at , the approximate volume of present is:

16. The major gaseous primary pollutant responsible for the formation of acid rain is:

17. Which characteristic of biodegradable plastics () prevents them from becoming a long-term problem in landfills and the marine environment?

18. Microplastics are fragments of plastic less than in size that are increasingly found in soil. Their primary environmental concern, beyond physical impediment, is their ability to:

19. The increase in radiation due to ozone depletion can weaken the immune system in humans, leading to:

20. A scientist measures the of two rain samples: Sample X has and Sample Y has . By what factor is the hydrogen ion concentration () higher in Sample Y compared to Sample X?

1. For high-volume, low-hazard solid industrial waste (like construction debris or fly ash), the most common and economically viable disposal method, provided it meets environmental standards, is:

2. What is the primary environmental benefit of industrial recycling over landfill disposal?

3. The decomposition of pollutants in Classical Smog, such as the oxidation of to , is highly dependent on which factor in the presence of (particulate matter)?

4. The formation of the protective stratospheric ozone layer () is primarily initiated by which process?

5. The use of certain persistent herbicides in agriculture can damage the soil by:

6. Soil pollution by Lead () poses a major human health threat, especially in children, primarily because it:

7. The process of Biomagnification is characterized by the pollutant concentration increasing sequentially in which part of the ecosystem structure?

8. Compressed Natural Gas () is often preferred over conventional gasoline or diesel as a fuel for public transport because it produces significantly lower emissions of:

9. The primary difference between tropospheric pollution and stratospheric pollution is based on:

10. Which of the following is an effect of ozone layer depletion on terrestrial plants and agriculture?

11. How does the presence of fog (high humidity) enhance the formation and severity of Classical Smog?

12. The term in environmental chemistry that describes the component of the environment (like the atmosphere, soil, or water) which gets affected by the pollutant is known as the:

13. In the formation of photochemical smog, the highly reactive species that contributes significantly to rapid chemical cycling and the formation of and is the:

14. Eutrophication is the rapid aging of a lake due to an excessive increase in primary production. This process is triggered mainly by the input of Nitrates () and Phosphates () originating from which cause?

15. The National Green Tribunal () in India was established in 2010 to handle cases related to:

16. The most efficient way to reduce the impact of stratospheric pollution by and is:

17. The ozone destruction cycle catalyzed by a chlorine monoxide radical () involves a second step where the chlorine radical () is regenerated. This regeneration step is:

18. The most significant and successful international agreement designed to phase out the production of ozone-depleting substances () like is the:

19. The formation of harmful ground-level ozone () in the troposphere requires the presence of which three key components?

20. Microplastics are fragments of plastic less than in size that are increasingly found in soil. Their primary environmental concern, beyond physical impediment, is their ability to:

21. Organochlorine compounds, such as and Lindane, are highly non-biodegradable and persist in the environment, exhibiting the phenomenon of biomagnification. Which source is the primary origin of these pollutants in aquatic systems?

22. The natural process of ozone () formation in the stratosphere is represented by the overall equation:

23. The overall net reaction for the catalytic destruction of ozone by chlorine is:

24. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act in India was enacted in which year, establishing regulatory boards to prevent and control water pollution?

25. The primary visible effect of Sulphur Dioxide () on plant life is:

26. The primary health effect of acute exposure to high concentrations of Ozone () in photochemical smog on humans is:

27. Slag, a solid residue formed during the separation of the metal from the original ore in smelting, is classified as which type of industrial waste?

28. A major component of gaseous industrial waste from the cement industry, contributing to both air pollution and greenhouse effects, is:

29. Which layer of the atmosphere is closest to the Earth's surface, extends up to approximately at the poles, and contains all the air that living organisms breathe?

30. Global Warming Potential () is a metric used to compare the warming impact of different greenhouse gases. is calculated based on the gas's ability to absorb infrared radiation and its:

1. Organochlorine compounds, such as and Lindane, are highly non-biodegradable and persist in the environment, exhibiting the phenomenon of biomagnification. Which source is the primary origin of these pollutants in aquatic systems?

2. A major difference between Classical Smog and Photochemical Smog in terms of the main source of precursors is:

3. Which heavy metal impurity, if present in fuel, will permanently poison and render a vehicular catalytic converter useless?

4. A common system used to reduce the emission of unburnt Hydrocarbons () / from the fuel tank and carburetor (evaporative emissions) is the:

5. are effective fire extinguishing agents but pose a severe risk to the ozone layer. This class of compounds contains which highly efficient ozone-depleting element in addition to chlorine?

6. The production of biodiesel from vegetable oils or animal fats via transesterification is a key application of Green Chemistry because it:

7. Which Green Chemistry principle is summarized by the statement: "It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been formed"?

8. Incineration is a high-temperature thermal treatment method often used for hazardous solid or semi-solid industrial waste. The primary advantage of this method is:

9. The use of leaded gasoline was phased out globally primarily because lead compounds:

10. The key challenge presented by plastic waste (e.g., polythene bags) as a soil pollutant is that it:

11. A major challenge in recycling mixed industrial plastic waste compared to consumer plastic waste is:

12. According to Green Chemistry, maximizing atom economy means that in a chemical reaction:

13. The overall chemical equation representing the formation of the strong acid () from Nitrogen Dioxide () in the atmosphere is:

14. A membrane filtration process used in liquid industrial waste treatment that separates even dissolved salts and small organic molecules from water under pressure is:

15. How does the presence of fog (high humidity) enhance the formation and severity of Classical Smog?

16. Classical Smog episodes, like the Great Smog of London in 1952, typically occur under which combination of climatic conditions?

17. The term Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the context of smog formation typically refers to:

18. Principle 10, "Design for Degradation," is applied to a chemical product to ensure it does what after its intended function is complete?

19. Which of the following is an effective strategy for controlling the emission of Sulphur Dioxide () from large industrial sources like coal-fired power plants?

20. Which water-borne disease, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, is strongly linked to the consumption of water or food contaminated by raw sewage?

21. Excessive sediment load in rivers, often characterized by suspended clay, silt, and soil particles, is a major non-point source of pollution originating mainly from:

22. The natural process of ozone () formation in the stratosphere is represented by the overall equation:

23. The complete chemical formula for Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN), a key secondary pollutant in photochemical smog, is:

24. What is the fundamental difference, in terms of effect, between a substance being a contaminant and a pollutant?

25. Which concept emphasizes that it is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been formed?

26. Carbon Monoxide () is a dangerous air pollutant because of its high affinity for the blood component that carries oxygen. poisoning occurs because it binds to which molecule much more strongly than oxygen?

27. In the context of water quality assessment, water is generally considered "clean" and suitable for aquatic life if the concentration of Dissolved Oxygen () is consistently above:

28. Acid rain causes severe damage to historical monuments and buildings made of marble (). This decay process is chemically represented by the reaction:

29. Environmental pollution is defined as the effect of undesirable changes in our surroundings that have harmful effects on plants, animals, and human beings. Which of the following is NOT classified as a major segment of the environment in environmental chemistry?

30. Photochemical smog is a mixture of several chemical species. Which compound among the following is a product of the reaction between unburnt hydrocarbons and in the presence of sunlight, making it a key component and a lachrymator (tear gas)?

31. The term in environmental chemistry that describes the component of the environment (like the atmosphere, soil, or water) which gets affected by the pollutant is known as the:

32. The localized phenomenon where acidic particles ( and derivatives) are trapped and concentrated within low-hanging, damp air is referred to as:

33. The formation of ground-level ozone () in photochemical smog is initiated by the absorption of sunlight by a primary pollutant. The first step involves the photodissociation of:

34. The main source of radioactive waste pollution in soil that comes from non-military or non-power plant origins is typically:

35. Which natural reservoir is considered the largest sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide ()?

36. Which international treaty, adopted in 1997, first set legally binding emission reduction targets for developed countries to combat climate change?

37. The formation of harmful ground-level ozone () in the troposphere requires the presence of which three key components?

38. Considering the rate of degradation, which of the following is the best example of a non-biodegradable pollutant?

39. Acid rain affects soil quality by causing the leaching (removal) of essential nutrients required for plant growth, most notably:

40. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation () system in a vehicle controls emissions by lowering the combustion temperature. Lowering the temperature directly suppresses the formation of which pollutant?

41. The Polluter Pays Principle is a fundamental tenet of environmental law that holds:

42. The primary visible effect of Sulphur Dioxide () on plant life is:

43. Poly-Lactic Acid () is a common example of a biodegradable plastic. Its biodegradability directly aligns with which Green Chemistry principle?

44. Which category of pollution is characterized by the excessive accumulation of nitrates and phosphates in surface water bodies, often leading to the excessive growth of algae?

45. The natural process of ozone formation in the stratosphere is an equilibrium process known as the Chapman Cycle. The overall effect of this cycle is to convert which form of energy into heat, regulating stratospheric temperature?

46. Which common industrial pollution control device is designed to remove particulate matter () from the exhaust gas stream by using an electrical charge to attract the particles to collection plates?

47. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act in India was enacted in which year, establishing regulatory boards to prevent and control water pollution?

48. Methane () has a much shorter atmospheric lifetime (about 12 years) compared to Carbon Dioxide () (hundreds of years). Despite this, Methane is considered a very potent greenhouse gas because its Global Warming Potential () over a 100-year period is:

49. Which of the following is considered a secondary pollutant?

50. The increase in the temperature of a water body, often leading to a reduction in its dissolved oxygen content, known as thermal pollution, is predominantly caused by the discharge of: