Class 11 Chemistry — Chapter 14: Environmental Chemistry Online Test

1. Nitric Oxide () plays a catalytic role in the depletion of ozone within the stratosphere, according to the reaction . In this cycle, the then reacts with an oxygen atom () to regenerate the catalyst , completing the cycle. This cycle converts ozone into:

2. Persistent Organic Pollutants () like and are difficult to remove from the environment primarily because they are:

3. The localized phenomenon where acidic particles ( and derivatives) are trapped and concentrated within low-hanging, damp air is referred to as:

4. Green Chemistry is fundamentally defined as the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Who coined this term and pioneered the concept?

5. The National Green Tribunal () in India was established in 2010 to handle cases related to:

6. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation () system is an emission control technology used to reduce which specific pollutant?

7. For gaseous pollutants, the disposal method that involves passing the gas through a solid material (e.g., activated carbon) to trap the chemical compounds on its large surface area is:

8. Organic load (high and ) and toxic, non-biodegradable synthetic chemicals (e.g., dyes, solvents) are the primary contaminants in the liquid effluent from which industrial sector?

9. Chronic exposure to Cadmium () from contaminated soil and crops can primarily lead to severe damage and dysfunction in which major organ system?

10. Methemoglobinemia (Blue Baby Syndrome), where the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity is reduced, is a consequence of ingesting contaminated drinking water primarily high in which agricultural pollutant?

11. Organochlorine compounds, such as and Lindane, are highly non-biodegradable and persist in the environment, exhibiting the phenomenon of biomagnification. Which source is the primary origin of these pollutants in aquatic systems?

12. atoms like chlorine and bromine are extremely damaging to ozone because they are:

13. are effective fire extinguishing agents but pose a severe risk to the ozone layer. This class of compounds contains which highly efficient ozone-depleting element in addition to chlorine?

14. What property of allows them to survive the troposphere without being broken down by rain or chemical reactions, enabling them to eventually reach the stratosphere?

15. If the concentration of in the atmosphere is measured at (parts per million) during a smog event, and a sample of of air is collected at , the approximate volume of present is:

16. The major gaseous primary pollutant responsible for the formation of acid rain is:

17. Which characteristic of biodegradable plastics () prevents them from becoming a long-term problem in landfills and the marine environment?

18. Microplastics are fragments of plastic less than in size that are increasingly found in soil. Their primary environmental concern, beyond physical impediment, is their ability to:

19. The increase in radiation due to ozone depletion can weaken the immune system in humans, leading to:

20. A scientist measures the of two rain samples: Sample X has and Sample Y has . By what factor is the hydrogen ion concentration () higher in Sample Y compared to Sample X?

1. The catalytic action in a three-way converter relies on precious metals coated onto a ceramic or metallic honeycomb structure. Which combination of metals is typically used?

2. Which of the following particulate pollutants is best categorized as a liquid aerosol?

3. The two primary gaseous pollutants responsible for the formation of acid rain are:

4. The most significant way soil pollution contributes to water-borne diseases in the local human population is by:

5. The natural process of ozone formation in the stratosphere is an equilibrium process known as the Chapman Cycle. The overall effect of this cycle is to convert which form of energy into heat, regulating stratospheric temperature?

6. In water quality testing, a Biochemical Oxygen Demand () value greater than which amount generally indicates a highly polluted water source unsuitable for sustaining fish life?

7. Green Chemistry primarily focuses on minimizing hazards related to which three areas of chemical practice?

8. Which natural reservoir is considered the largest sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide ()?

9. Green Chemistry is fundamentally defined as the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Who coined this term and pioneered the concept?

10. The production of biodiesel from vegetable oils or animal fats via transesterification is a key application of Green Chemistry because it:

11. A substance present in nature, but whose concentration has significantly increased due to human activity to a level that causes adverse effects on living organisms and the environment, is termed a:

12. Which waste minimization technique focuses on changing the raw materials or process steps to reduce the volume or toxicity of the waste stream at the source?

13. Which element of waste management aligns most closely with the "reduce" principle of waste minimization?

14. The overall net reaction for the catalytic destruction of ozone by chlorine is:

15. Which industrial air pollution control method for involves injecting an absorbent material (like lime or activated carbon) into the flue gas stream to react with and capture pollutants, followed by removal in a filter?

16. The complete chemical formula for Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN), a key secondary pollutant in photochemical smog, is:

17. The most significant and persistent area of stratospheric ozone depletion, often referred to as the "ozone hole," occurs annually over which geographical area?

18. The sudden and massive death of fish and other aquatic life in lakes during early spring is often linked to acid rain. This specific phenomenon is technically known as:

19. What physical change must occur to a Chlorofluorocarbon () molecule in the stratosphere before it can begin the catalytic destruction of ozone?

20. The primary particulate matter component that distinguishes Classical Smog from Photochemical Smog is:

21. Which atmospheric condition, apart from the presence of and , is absolutely essential for the formation of significant concentrations of photochemical smog?

22. Which major source of water pollution is the largest contributor to the pathogen load and the high Biochemical Oxygen Demand () in rivers and lakes?

23. The term in environmental chemistry that describes the component of the environment (like the atmosphere, soil, or water) which gets affected by the pollutant is known as the:

24. Beyond direct toxicity, acid rain indirectly promotes a dangerous form of water pollution by:

25. A cyclone separator (or cyclone collector) is primarily used in industries to remove which type of pollutant from a gaseous stream?

26. The long-term presence of certain pesticides in the soil can disrupt the natural biogeochemical cycles, primarily by:

27. Which category of pollution is characterized by the excessive accumulation of nitrates and phosphates in surface water bodies, often leading to the excessive growth of algae?

28. The solubility characteristic of many major soil pollutants, such as heavy metals and certain ionic compounds, that makes them non-leaching (i.e., less likely to wash away) is:

29. Soil contamination with radioactive isotopes (e.g., Strontium-90, Caesium-137) poses a long-term risk to human health primarily because these elements:

30. When scientists measure the concentration of ozone in the total atmospheric column above a point on Earth, the standard unit used is the:

1. The discharge of wastewater containing extremely toxic and non-biodegradable heavy metals like Lead (), Chromium (), and Mercury () into aquatic systems is characteristic of pollution from:

2. Which principle focuses on minimizing the formation of derivatives, such as the use of temporary protecting groups, which adds extra steps to a synthesis and generates more waste?

3. Environmental pollution is defined as the effect of undesirable changes in our surroundings that have harmful effects on plants, animals, and human beings. Which of the following is NOT classified as a major segment of the environment in environmental chemistry?

4. Solvent-free synthesis often leads to much faster reaction rates, better selectivity, and higher yields compared to solution-based reactions. This efficiency gain contributes directly to which Green Chemistry principle?

5. For gaseous pollutants, the disposal method that involves passing the gas through a solid material (e.g., activated carbon) to trap the chemical compounds on its large surface area is:

6. Which component of soil pollution poses a threat because it leads to the accumulation of excess salts in the root zone, potentially causing plasmolysis and death of crop plants?

7. Beyond direct toxicity, acid rain indirectly promotes a dangerous form of water pollution by:

8. The principle "Catalysis" (Principle 9) suggests that catalytic reagents are superior to stoichiometric reagents. A catalyst is better because it:

9. Classical Smog episodes, like the Great Smog of London in 1952, typically occur under which combination of climatic conditions?

10. The use of leaded gasoline was phased out globally primarily because lead compounds:

11. Emission standards, such as India's Bharat Stage (BS) norms or Europe's Euro standards, aim primarily to control the quantity of:

12. The large volume of concentrated saline water known as brine, which is discharged and affects the salinity of coastal waters, is a type of industrial liquid waste generated primarily by:

13. The primary reason why the persistent pesticide is biomagnified in the food chain is due to its characteristic of being:

14. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed in which year, giving the and authority to issue instructions for preventing or restricting air pollution?

15. The Greenhouse Effect occurs when certain atmospheric gases trap heat by:

16. A chemical treatment process used to neutralize highly acidic or basic liquid industrial waste (effluents) before discharge or further treatment is:

17. Supercritical () is an increasingly used green alternative to organic solvents in processes like dry cleaning and chemical extraction because it:

18. Green Chemistry is often summarized by its reliance on 12 Principles. These principles aim to make chemical synthesis processes:

19. Which element of waste management aligns most closely with the "reduce" principle of waste minimization?

20. Which industrial control technology works by passing exhaust gases through a fabric structure, essentially acting like a giant vacuum cleaner to trap fine particulates?

21. The primary health effect of acute exposure to high concentrations of Ozone () in photochemical smog on humans is:

22. Which major component of photochemical smog is responsible for causing the "silvering" or "glazing" (bronzing) of the lower surface of green leaves, severely impacting agriculture?

23. A process used to treat liquid waste containing high concentrations of dissolved heavy metals, where a chemical agent is added to convert the soluble metal ions into insoluble compounds that can be filtered out, is:

24. What is the primary environmental benefit of industrial recycling over landfill disposal?

25. The sudden and massive death of fish and other aquatic life in lakes during early spring is often linked to acid rain. This specific phenomenon is technically known as:

26. In the context of Green Chemistry, the synthesis of many polymers is moving toward polycondensation (step-growth) reactions in the solid state rather than traditional solution polymerization. This shift is primarily to avoid the massive use of:

27. The natural process of ozone () formation in the stratosphere is represented by the overall equation:

28. Gaseous industrial waste is primarily released through which infrastructure component?

29. Which major class of water pollutants is derived from the leaching of solid waste in landfills and open dumps, often containing a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds?

30. The characteristic brownish haze or yellowish-brown colour often observed in photochemical smog is primarily due to the presence of which gas?

31. A substance present in nature, but whose concentration has significantly increased due to human activity to a level that causes adverse effects on living organisms and the environment, is termed a:

32. The primary mechanism by which persistent soil pollutants like heavy metals () and organochlorine pesticides negatively impact human health is through:

33. Microplastics are fragments of plastic less than in size that are increasingly found in soil. Their primary environmental concern, beyond physical impediment, is their ability to:

34. The solubility characteristic of many major soil pollutants, such as heavy metals and certain ionic compounds, that makes them non-leaching (i.e., less likely to wash away) is:

35. are effective fire extinguishing agents but pose a severe risk to the ozone layer. This class of compounds contains which highly efficient ozone-depleting element in addition to chlorine?

36. In a modern sanitary landfill, the primary purpose of the thick, impermeable layer of clay or high-density plastic sheeting at the base is to:

37. A membrane filtration process used in liquid industrial waste treatment that separates even dissolved salts and small organic molecules from water under pressure is:

38. Which of the following is an effective strategy to reduce the formation of photochemical smog in a heavily polluted urban area?

39. Classical smog is also often referred to as Reducing Smog because of the chemical nature of its primary gaseous component. Which gas gives it this reducing character?

40. The primary particulate matter component that distinguishes Classical Smog from Photochemical Smog is:

41. The presence of which type of microorganism is commonly used as a primary indicator to detect contamination from human fecal matter (domestic sewage) in a water sample?

42. Which of the following human activities was the primary source that led to the widespread release of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere, causing ozone layer depletion?

43. The most significant contamination source associated with the large-scale disposal of municipal and industrial waste (landfills) that ultimately affects soil is:

44. Organic load (high and ) and toxic, non-biodegradable synthetic chemicals (e.g., dyes, solvents) are the primary contaminants in the liquid effluent from which industrial sector?

45. Acid rain affects soil quality by causing the leaching (removal) of essential nutrients required for plant growth, most notably:

46. A significant consequence of thermal pollution in water bodies is the severe stress placed on fish and aquatic organisms due to:

47. The accumulation of which highly toxic heavy metal in rice paddies, often originating from mine waste and smelting activities, is responsible for the painful Itai-Itai disease (Ouch-Ouch disease)?

48. The primary purpose of conducting an Environmental Impact Assessment () before starting a large-scale industrial project is to:

49. Which of the following is considered a secondary pollutant?

50. The major gaseous primary pollutant responsible for the formation of acid rain is: