Hydraulics Online Test – Paper 3

1. The ratio of the percentage error in the discharge and the percentage error in the measurement of head over a rectangular notch is

2. *The continuity equation deals with the law of conservation of

3. A triangular notch is preferred to a rectangular notch because

4. To avoid an interruption in the flow of a siphon, the air vessel is provided

5. In an inclined position, a venturimeter records

6. The ratio of the mean velocity to the surface velocity in open channels is equal to

7. The discharge through a V-notch weir is directly proportional to:

8. *Bernoulli's equation assumes that

9. *The rate of flow through a V-notch varies as:

10. The minimum head loss will occur in

11. The term z is known as

12. *To measure very low pressure, we use:

13. *The discharge through a rectangular channel is maximum when

14. *Piezometers are used to measure

15. Mass density of liquid (p) is given by

16. *The phenomenon occurring in an open channel when a rapidly flowing stream abruptly changes to a slowly flowing stream, causing a distinct rise of the liquid surface, is

17. "Manning's formula is used for

18. *Venturimeter is used to measure

19. The pressure less than atmospheric pressure is known as

20. *The hydraulic radius is equal to

21. Euler's number is the ratio of

22. In an inclined pipe, the pressure difference at its two ends is due to

23. Find the capillary rise/fall in a glass tube when immersed in mercury with the following given data: surface tension, σ = 0.52 gmf/cm, angle of contact, θ = 130°, S.G. of mercury = 13.6, diameter of the pipe = 2.5 mm.

24. The two depths at which the specific energy is the same are called

25. If the volume of a liquid weighing 3000 kg is 4 cubic meters, then 0.75 is its

26. In an open channel flow

27. Cavitations is collapsed by

28. At the vena contracta, the jet has the minimum cross-sectional area, and so the velocity of the liquid at this section will be

29. Crest of a weir is lower than d/s water level

30. If H is the height of the liquid above the sill, the effect of end contraction on each side, according to Francis' formula, is

31. *Surface tension is the force

32. A rise or fall of liquid in a glass tube of a very small diameter when dipped is

33. *The pressure in pipe flow is normally

34. *If the velocity, pressure, density, etc., do not change at a point with respect to time, the flow is called

35. For a long pipe, the head loss

36. Mach number is the ratio of inertia force to

37. *Orifice-meter is used to measure:

38. *Back water curve is caused if there is a

39. If the specific gravity of oil is 0.7, then find the density of oil

40. *If the velocity of fluid particles varies from point to point in magnitude and direction, as well as from instant to instant, the flow is said to be

41. *The energy possessed by a fluid by virtue of its existing pressure is called

42. Hydraulic gradient line and total energy line are

43. When the pipes are connected in parallel, the total loss of head

44. *The rise of the water table, which takes place due to the transformation of the unstable shooting flow (super-critical) to the stable streaming is called

45. Liquids

46. The viscosity of liquids varies with temperature

47. *Bernoulli's theorem deals with the law of conservation of

48. In a flowing liquid, a particle may possess

49. When the water level on the downstream side of a weir is above the top surface of a weir, the weir is known as:

50. If the forces are due to inertia and gravity, and frictional resistance plays only a minor role, the design of channels is made by comparing